What events, actions, words, or thoughts cause you to experience your strongest emotions? Why do you have such a reaction and are you in control of your reaction? Do Now

Objectives List the 3 ingredients of emotion, and explain how they apply to emotional experiences. Explain how the historical approaches to emotion differ from the modern theories of emotion. Describe the physiological changes that occur during a fear reaction, and identify the parts of the nervous system involved in the changes. Explain how gender and culture affect the ability to express and interpret nonverbal communications of emotion.

Emotions: Full-body responses, involving physical arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experiences. 3 Ingredients of emotions (Ex. Friend didn’t make the team) Physiological activation: Increased heart rate as she reads the good news, decreased heart rate as she consoles her friend. Expressive behavior: Smiling and pumping fist after seeing her name, losing the smile and hugging her friend when she notices her name missing. Conscious Experience: Interpreting what it means to be a member, understanding what it means to her friend to be left out. Theories of Emotion

Individual Assignment Write your responses to these two questions on your DO NOW. 1. Which comes first, physiological arousal or the subjective experience of an emotion? Do you feel happy because your heart is pounding, or is your heart pounding because you feel happy? 2. Can we react emotionally before appraising a situation, or does thinking always precede emotion? Did you feel joy at seeing your name on the honors list before you thought about what that meant, or did you interpret the situation and then feel joy? Individual Assignment

James-Lange Theory: We experience emotion because we are aware of our bodily response to an emotion-producing stimulus. Ex. Smoke alarm sounds→Body shakes→Realize Shaking→Label as Fear Cannon-Bard Theory: An emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotions. Two-factor Theory: We distinguish emotions by how we label the arousal we feel. Ex. If you’re aroused and you believe the appropriate emotion is fear, then you’ll feel afraid. Theories of Emotion

Autonomic Nervous System: The part of the nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs and arouses (sympathetic division) or calms you (parasympathetic division).

Nonverbal Communication: Use of body language to share our emotions. Gender & Cultural Effects on Emotion: Power: The person with less power always reads the nonverbal emotional clues. Culture: People raised in more expressive families were more sensitive to body language no matter their gender. Display Rules: Cultural rules governing how and when a person may express emotion. Germans think Americans smile too much, Japanese think Americans don’t smile enough. What are some “display rules” that you are aware of? Expressing Emotions