1. Theories of Emotion
3 Theories of Emotion

2. 1. James-Lange Theory
An emotion-arousing stimulus in the environment triggers a physiological reaction and behavior.
Our awareness of the physiological reaction leads to our experience of an emotion.
James believed that emotion followed this sequence:
We perceive a stimulus.
Physiological and behavioral changes occur.
We experience a particular emotion.

3. James’s Peripheral Feedback Theory
Perception
(Interpretation
of stimulus--
danger)
Stimulus
(Tiger)
Emotion
(Fear)
Bodily
arousal
(Pounding
heart) & Fearful
Behavior
James’s Theory
Perception of a stimulus causes bodily arousal which leads to emotion
We do not run from a tiger because we are afraid.  We are afraid because we ran from the tiger.
The relationship is See the tiger, Run from tiger, Experience fear
Keywords: Peripheral feedback theory, James

4. James-Lange Theory

8. 2. Cannon-Bard Theory
An emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both a
physiological response (sympathetic nervous system) and
the experience of an emotion (brain’s cerebral cortex).

9. Cannon Bard Theory

12. 3. Two-Factor Theory Also called the Schachter-Singer Theory
Emotions involve two factors:
A physiological arousal
A cognitive label of the arousal
Also called the Schachter-Singer Theory

13. Schachter’s Cognition-Plus-Feedback Theory
Type
Intensity
Emotion
(Fear)
Perception
(Interpretation
of stimulus--
danger)
Stimulus
(Tiger)
Bodily
arousal
(Pounding
heart)
Keywords: Cognition-plus-feedback theory, Schachter
Perception and thought about a stimulus influence the type of emotion felt
Degree of bodily arousal influences the intensity of emotion felt

14. Two-Factor Theory

18. THE MOST ACCEPTED THEORY . . .
JAMES LANGE

19. The Expression of Emotion: Nonverbal Communication

20. Nonverbal Communication
Humans reveal their emotions both verbally and nonverbally.
Nonverbal expressions include facial and other bodily responses
Communicating feelings without words:
Facial expressions – Which part of the face is most important to displaying emotion?
Tone of voice
Hand gestures
Also called “body language”

21. Expression of Emotions Guru
Developed by Paul Ekman
Microexpressions
Universal Emotions
Facial Feedback Hypothesis

22. Reading Nonverbal Communication
Facial muscles, in particular, are hard to control and can reveal emotions that a person is trying to conceal Trained lie-catchers can detect minute changes in facial expressions (called microexpressions) that reveal lying.
How often do people lie?
How good are you at determining if someone is telling a lie or telling the truth?

23. The Expression of Emotion
Gender Effects
Women are better at reading nonverbal communication of emotions.
Women tend to express emotions more than men do.
Cultural Effects
The cultural rules governing how and when a person may express emotion
Rules greatly vary from culture to culture and for different groups within a given culture

24. Ekman's Studies on Facial Expressions of Emotion:
Humans reveal their emotions both verbally and nonverbally. Nonverbal expressions include facial and other bodily responses.
Paul Ekman and his colleagues have studied facial expressions of emotions and have linked specific emotions to the movement of specific facial muscles.

25. Ekman’s Facial Feedback Theory
Each basic emotion is associated with a unique facial expression
Sensory feedback from the expression contributes to the emotional feeling
Example: Smile if you want to feel happy. 
Keywords: facial feedback theory, Ekman

26. Emotion and Facial Expressions
Paul Ekman and Walter Friesen coded different facial expressions by painstakingly analyzing the facial muscles involved in producing each facial expression
Ekman and his colleagues found that people from many different cultures, even remote ones, accurately recognized the basic emotions expressed in photographs of facial expressions
Some specific nonverbal gestures & emblems may vary across cultures; however, some body language is probably universal.

27. Which Baby is Which? Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness

28. Joy
Anger
Interest
Disgust
Surprise
Sadness
Fear
Which Baby is Which? Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness