1. Chapter 9 Lesson 3
Section 4: Emotion

2. 4. Emotion
a feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression
Photo credit: © Bloomimage/Corbis RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

3. A. Biological Factors in Emotion
Arousal
Measuring Arousal
Physiological Theories of Emotion
Neural Circuits and Neurotransmitters

4. Emotion
a feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression.
Physiological Arousal
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System → arouses
Parasympathetic Nervous System → calms
Photo credit: © Bloomimage/Corbis RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

5. Autonomic Nervous System
Photo credit: © James Woodson/Getty Images RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

6. Measuring Arousal Polygraph
heart rate, breathing, skin conductance level
neutral v. target questions
results do not reliably detect deception
Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988)
fMRI may better detect deception
Photo credit: Brand X Pictures/Jupiter Images
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

7. Theories of Emotion James-Lange Theory Cannon-Bard Theory
Perception of Physiological changes
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Perceive external stimulus
Physiological arousal
Emotion
Physiological arousal
Perceive external stimulus
Simultaneous and independent
Emotion
Photo credit: © Brand X Pictures/PunchStock RF, © M. Freeman/PhotoLink/Getty Images RF
© Tim Hall/Getty Images RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

8. Limbic System: Amygdala
Direct (quick) route Indirect (detailed) route via sensory cortex Persistence of emotional memories
Photo credit: © IT Stock/PunchStock RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

9. B. Cognitive Factors in Emotion
The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
The Primacy Debate: Cognition or Emotion?

10. Emotion: Cognitive Factors
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion (Schachter/Singer)
Cognitive labeling
Interpret external cues
Perceive
external
stimulus
Emotion
Physiological arousal
Photo credit: © Brand X Pictures/PunchStock RF, © M. Freeman/PhotoLink/Getty Images RF
© BananaStock/PictureQuest RF, © Tim Hall/Getty Images RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

11. Emotion: Factors
Emotion is a feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression.
The Primacy Debate
Which comes first - feeling or thinking?
Lazarus: appraisal determines feelings
Zajonc: preferences need no inferences
Photo credit: © Monkey Business Images/Getty Images
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display 11

12. Emotion: Factors
Emotion is a feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression.
Behavioral Factors
verbal
nonverbal - facial expression, posture, gestures
Photo credit: © Monkey Business Images/Getty Images
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display 12

13. C. Behavioral Factors in Emotion
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
facial expression can influence emotions
supports the James-Lange theory of emotions
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

14. D. Sociocultural Factors in Emotion
Culture and the Expression of Emotion
Gender Influences

15. Identifying Emotions Can you identify the emotion? Happiness Anger
Sadness
Surprise
Disgust
Fear
Have class identify each emotion portrayed.
Photo credit: © Dale Durfee/Stone/Getty Images, © Monkey Business Images/Getty Images
© Richard Lord/The Image Works
© SuperStock, © SuperStock, © Masterfile RF
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

16. Emotion: Sociocultural Factors
Comparative Perspectives
expression of emotions similar across cultures
display rules do vary across cultures
Computer Communication
emoticons 
Photo credit: © Photodisc RF, © Photodisc RF, © Paul Eckman, © Paul Eckman
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

17. E. Classifying Emotions
Valence
A Negative Affect: Anger
A Positive Affect: Gratitude
Arousal Levels

18. F. The Adaptive Functions of Emotions
The Broaden-and-Build Model
Resilience
Definition
Characteristics