A new Crisis Chapter 12 Lesson 3

I. A crisis over tariffs Congress passed the highest tariff in history in 1828. (tariff of abomination) The tariffs protected the manufacturers in the North from foreign competition The South suffered from the high tariff because they imported most of their goods. Sold cotton to Europe and bought goods in return This tariff pinned the Vice President, John C. Calhoun against Jackson. 1. Calhoun claimed that states had the right to nullify the tariff. (cancel) 2. Calhoun believed in states’ rights

E. Senator Daniel Webster disagreed with the VP. 1 E. Senator Daniel Webster disagreed with the VP. 1. said if states could nullify federal laws, nation would fall apart 2. Calhoun resigned and would be elected as a senator from SC. F. To ease the tension, Congress passed a new tariff in 1832 which was lower. 1. South Carolina still was not satisfied and passed the Nullification Act 2. The state also threatened to secede. G. Jackson supported a compromise tariff that Henry Clay proposed. -South Carolina repealed the Nullification Act and the crisis passed

Natives 100,000 Native Americans live east of the Mississippi River when Jackson becomes president in 1829 - Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, & Seminole. The Cherokee adopt many white customs: Farming Trade Schools Some converted to Christianity Had a written constitution Sequoyah creates a written alphabet for the Cherokee language

II. Tragedy for Native Americans Jackson took a firm stand on the issue of Native Americans and land. The Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and the Seminole lived in the Southeast where the fertile land drew white settlers in to grow cotton. Jackson urged Congress to set aside land west of the MS river for the Native American groups. Jackson wanted to moved the Indians to protect them. 1. Cherokee nations believed they would be spared because they had a government and legal system like that of the US, and for helping in the Creek Wars and War of 1812 2. Choctaws, believed they would be spared from the move because of their help in the War of 1812.

E. Forced to move Jackson supporters pushed the Indian Removal Act through Congress in 1830. - forced Native Americans to moved west of the MS river. 2. Whites didn’t mind giving up land that they thought was a vast desert. 3. In 1838, the US Army drove more than 15,000 Cherokees westward. a. The Cherokee walked hundred of miles over several months. b. Thousands died along the way.(Mostly children and the elderly) 4. This became know to the Cherokee as the Trail of Tears. F. Seminole Indians under Osceola’s leadership, resisted the move from Florida 1. It took 3 costly wars before they were forced to leave Florida

Why They stood in the way of westward expansion. White farmers wanted their fertile land for growing cotton. They weren’t white.

116 day journey The Cherokees traveled more than 800 miles through North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas. The journey ended on March 26, 1839. More than 4,000 Cherokees had died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

III. Martin Van Buren and Hard times Jackson left office after his second term and the people elected Martin Van Buren. Two months after taking office Van Buren faced the worst economic crisis yet. After Jackson closed the federal bank, state banks gave out money without limit. 1. To meet demand, they printed lots of paper money. Most of it was not backed by gold or silver. 2. The nation soon plunged into a deep depression which lasted 3 years. D. The Panic of 1837 1. 90 percent of the nations factories were closed and thousands were out of jobs. 2. Americans blamed Van Buren and his laissez faire style of government.

IV. Campaign of 1840 Van Buren had lost a lot of support from the people, but the Democratic party chose him to run again. The Whigs chose William Henry Harrison as President and John Tyler as Vice President. 1. The Whigs used Harrison’s war record to get votes. 2. They also played him off as a man of the people 3. Actually, Harrison was a rich, educated man who knew nothing about the common man C. Both candidates used new campaign techniques to win votes called mudslinging. Name calling, half-truths, and lies to win votes

D. Whigs in the White House Harrison and Tyler won the election of 1840. a. Planned to create a new Bank of the US b. improve roads and canals c. demanding a high tariff. 2. The goals were lost when after 3 months in office Harrison died of pneumonia. 3. Tyler took office as president and failed to do what the Whigs wanted. - Vetoed the new Bank of the US 4. Whigs threw Tyler out of their party.