Chapter 9, Section 1

Election of 1800 Federalist candidates: John Adams for President and Charles Pinckney for VP Republican candidates: Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for VP Both sides wrote letters to leading newspapers to publicize their views Federalists claimed Jefferson was “godless” and Republicans warned that Federalists wanted to bring back monarchy and only cared about wealthy people

Election Deadlock Both Jefferson and Burr received 73 electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide the election Federalists decided to support Burr to prevent the election of Jefferson At Hamilton’s request, one federalist voted against Burr and Jefferson became President and Burr became VP

Amendment Passed 12th Amendment passed in 1803 to prevent another deadlock It required electors to vote for the president and VP on separate ballots

Jefferson’s Inauguration Jefferson stated he wanted to bridge the gap between the political parties Goals included: Creating a “wise and frugal” government Supporting state governments in “all their rights” * Believed in laissez-faire (let them do as they choose) policy where the government plays a small role in the economy of the country*

Policies Cabinet: James Madison as sec. of state, and Albert Gallatin as sec. of treasury Allowed the unpopular Alien and Sedition Acts and Naturalization Act to expire Reduced huge national debt by reducing the size of the army and navy

Policies Cont. Persuaded Congress to repeal federal internal taxes, including Whiskey tax Government money would come from import taxes and the sale of Western lands Believed the federal government should be limited to delivering the mail, collecting import taxes, and conducting a census

Federal Courts Federalists controlled the court system and passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 before Jefferson took office Adams made hundreds of Judicial appointments before he left office, including John Marshall as chief justice of the US Adams and Marshall worked to process the papers for these “midnight judges” before Adams left office

Marbury v. Madison A few appointments had not gone through when Jefferson took office, one of these was for William Marbury Marbury was displeased that his appointment was withheld so he took his problem to the Supreme Court. Marbury believed that the Supreme Court could force Madison to deliver the appointment papers Marbury was a Federalist and Madison was a Democratic-Republican

Results of Marbury v. Madison Chief Justice Marshall rejected Marbury’s request Case established that the Supreme Court has the power of Judicial Review Also established three principles of Judicial Review Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land When a law and the constitution conflict, the Constitution is to be followed. Judicial branch has a duty to uphold the Constitution

Other Supreme Court Cases McCullogh v. Maryland Court held that it could do more than exactly what was in the Constitution due to an Elastic Clause. Gibbons v. Ogden This case set the precedent that the Federal law is to be followed over a state law when there is a question dealing with transportation between states.