Pyramids & Tombs of Ancient Egypt

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Presentation transcript:

Pyramids & Tombs of Ancient Egypt By Some Egyptian Guy

Pyramids & Tombs The earliest burials took place in the deserts. Bodies were buried in pits directly in the desert sands. As time went on though, the wealthy and powerful upper classes wanted to be buried in places that suited their level in society.

Pyramids & Tombs Soon, the nobility began constructing mastabas, or flat-roofed tombs. These structures were made of stone or mud bricks, and were one of the main reasons why the Egyptians had to develop the process of mummification. Without the dry desert sand to naturally dry out the body, they needed to develop a man-made process that would prevent the body from decaying.

Pyramids & Tombs As mastabas became more and more common among the upper classes, the pharaohs began to desire something more elaborate to show their supremacy as the rulers of Egypt. The first to do this was the pharaoh Zoser, whose architect, Imhotep, stacked mastabas on top of each other to create Egypt's first pyramid, the step pyramid.

Pyramids & Tombs As pyramid building became all the rage during the Old Kingdom, pharaohs continued to try to out do those that came before them. The pinnacle of pyramid building occurred with the Pharaoh Khufu, who constructed the iconic symbol of ancient Egypt, the Great Pyramid of Giza. But how did they build it?

Pyramids & Tombs There are three main theories for how the Egyptians built the pyramids. Theory 1: Earthen Ramps -Stones would have been dragged up huge ramps of earth and put in place. But such ramps would need vast amounts of earth to build.

Pyramids & Tombs Theory #2: Pulleys and Cranes Enormous pulleys would have been built to hoist each stone into place. But these pulleys would need to be incredibly strong and tallto reach the top of the pyramid.

Pyramids & Tombs Theory #3: Spiral Causeway Pathways of mud brick would have been coilded around the edge of the pyramid and the stones pulled up on sledges.

Pyramids & Tombs Currently the most accepted theory is a combination of Theory #1 and Theory #3. Early into the construction, Egyptologists believe the Egyptians used large earthen ramps, but as they began to get higher up the pyramid, they switched to spiral ramps that wrapped around the entire pyramid. In the following pages, we will look at the step by step process of building the Great Pyramid.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #1: First, men were conscripted from villages during the annual inundation.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #2: The land was cleared and leveled.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #3: Scribes prepared a list of necessary stones.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #4: Work orders and lists of stones were sent to the quarries.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #5: Tunnels were dug into the face of the cliff.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #6: Each block was cut and assigned to a work gang for delivery.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #7: The stone blocks were dragged to a waiting boat.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #8: The men rolled the stone blocks onto wooden sleds.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #9: The Sarcophagus was lowered into the tomb.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #10: The capstone was placed on top of the pyramid.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #11: Polished limestone blocks were placed on the outside of the pyramid.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #12: The outer sanctuaries and temples were built.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #13: The internal organs were removed and the body was packed in natron for 40 days.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #14: The "Opening of the Mouth" ceremony was conducted.

Pyramids & Tombs Step #15: The tomb was sealed.

Pyramids & Tombs Mini-Assignment: For this assignment, you are going to create a short flipbook that correctly arranges the steps in the pyramid building process. Your flipbook should contain all of the following: 1.) A title page that says: Pyramid and Tomb Flipbook, by: Your Name 2.) Each of the 15 steps in the Pyramid construction process (in the correct order). 3.) A picture for each of the steps in the Pyramid construction process. Be sure to have plenty of bright, bold color.