1. Three Kingdoms of Egypt

2. The Old Kingdom: 2700-2200 B.C. Early Pharaohs
Believed to be both pharaoh and god
Were viewed to be responsible for good and bad that happened to Egyptians
Had absolute power over all land and people
Khufu was the most important pharaoh of the old kingdom and built pyramids of Giza

3. Society and Trade
- Egyptians believed a well ordered society was necessary to keep the kingdom strong.
Egyptians traded with their neighbors all up and down the Nile river

4. Gods of Egypt All Egyptians worshipped the same gods
Temples were built to worship gods
Gods for everything (polytheistic society)
Gods had a blend of human and animal form

5. Afterlife and Burial
Afterlife was a big focus of the Ancient Egyptian’s religion.
The Egyptians believed the afterlife to be a happy place.
Ka was the spirit of a person
Tombs were filled with objects needed for the afterlife, including food
Mummification was the process used to care for the elite after their death
The elite could be buried in a sarcophagus

6. Pyramids Built as stone tombs for the rulers Made out of limestone
Took thousands of workers to build
Pyramids needed to be spectacular to signify the importance of the pharaoh
Could have taken decades to build the largest pyramids
Great Pyramid of Giza

7. Life in the Middle Kingdom
What happened at the end of the Old Kingdom? Local nobles were ruling much of Egypt because the pharaohs had lost power and wealth. There was no central ruler. What years classify the Middle Kingdom? B.C. Who were the leaders during the Middle Kingdom? Local nobles ruled during the Middle Kingdom

8. Life in the New Kingdom When does the New Kingdom occur?
B.C.
2. How did the Egyptians build an empire?
The Egyptians took control of all possible invasion routes into the kingdom by conquering certain people and becoming the leading military power in that area.
Why was trade important to the Egyptians?
Trade brought valuable resources into Egypt. Also, money made from trade helped to fund the arts and architecture of the kingdom, making it even more magnificent.

9. Life in the New Kingdom Why was Hatshepsut important?
She was the first woman pharaoh and worked to increase trade throughout the kingdom. She built many temples and monuments.
5. What other groups invaded Egypt during the New Kingdom? Were they successful?
The Hittites of Asia Minor- not successful
Tehenu –not successful
Sea Peoples-not successful
What led to the decline of the New Kingdom?
Violence and disorder throughout Egypt after all of the invasions is what caused the decline of the New Kingdom.

10. Work and Daily Life
What kind of writing did scribes do? Scribes worked for the government and the temples. They kept records and accounts. They wrote and copied religious and literary texts. They did not have to pay taxes and many became wealthy.
Why did pharaohs value talented architects? Architects designed the temples and royal tombs. They could rise to become high government officials.
What did the military offer citizens in Egypt? The military offered people a chance to rise in social status. Soldiers received land as payment and could also keep any treasure they captured in war. Soldiers who excelled could be promoted to officer positions.

11. Work and Daily Life
4. Who made up the majority of Egypt’s population? The farmers and peasants made were at the bottom of Egypt’s social scale and made up the majority of the population.
5. How did some people come to be enslaved in Egypt? Many slaves were convicted criminals or prisoners of war.