HOW DOES CHINA BECOME A COMMUNIST NATION?

Aim: How did Imperial Rule End in China? ERA OF HUMILIATION (100 Years) Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion, Taiping Rebellion, Spheres of Influence, Treaty of Nanjing End Result China must open up to the West Qing Dynasty is looked down upon by chinese. (Ruled since 1644) Spirit of Nationalism rises.

Rise of Nationalism Kuomingtang =nationalist party SUN YIXIAN (Sun YET SEN) Physician overthrows Qing Dynasty (1912) Becomes President of the New Republic of China THREE PRINCIPLES Nationalism Peoples Rights (Democracy) Economic Security

PROBLEMS WITH LEADERSHIP lacked authority and military support to secure national security 6 WEEK RULE feuds by warlords peasants suffered the most peasant famine 1 million died roads & bridges ruined Sun attempts to regain control after WWI never happens CHINA GOAL – establsih strong modern nation.

Long March Jiang was winning Civil War 1934-1935 Forced 100,000 Communist followers of Mao on a Long March through northern China Marched over 6000 miles 7,000 to 8,000 survivors at end of March Used this to propel Mao into ICON status They use this as a rallying point to “we can survive this we can survive anything”

BOTH GROUPS BAND TOGETHER Temp. stop fighting when japan tried to take advantage of China Fought against Japanese invasions in the 1930’s (WWII) then when ended in 1942, they resumed CIVIL WAR

CHINESE POLITICAL OPPONENTS, 1945 NATIONLISTS COMMUNISTS Jiang Jieshi LEADER Mao Zedong Southern China AREA RULED Northern China UNITED States FOREIGN SUPPORT Soviet Union Defeat the Communists DOMESTIC POLICY National Liberation, Redistribute land amongst Peasants Weak due to inflation & failing economy PUBLIC SUPPORT Strong due to promised land reform for peasants Ineffective, corrupt leadership & poor morale MILATARY ORGANIZATION Experienced, motivated guerilla army

RESULTS Mao & Communists fully take over China: “People’s Republic of Chna” Jiang & Nationalist flee “Mainland China” to the island of Taiwan “Nationalist Republic of China”

Mao Zedong GREAT LEAP FORWARD -called on people to increase agricultural and industrial production -created communes -decrease in output -poor made goods -bad weather, created famine -GLF failed = never reached production quotas Why did they fail?

RED GUARDS AND CULTURAL REVOLUTION Made up of young communists, sent out to attack anyone who spoke out against Communism and Mao, intellectuals, politicians, and professors All to inspire a CULTURAL REVOLUTION Wanted a CULT OF PERSONALITY MAO’s LITTLE RED BOOK