Nationalism And Imperialism

Nationalism Unification of Germany: Led by Prussia Otto von Bismarck – Prime Minister under Wilhelm I Policy of Realpolitik: Tough power politics - no idealism Issues not decided by resolutions, but by “blood and iron” Allowed him to expand Prussia & achieve dominance

Nationalism Unification of Italy: Led by Sardinia Camillo di Cavour – Prime Minister under Victor Emmanuel II Worked to expand Sardinian Empire Succeeded through war, alliances, & help of nationalist rebels Unified Italy in process

Germany & Italy - Similarities Leaders were aristocrats Nations united by nationalism One state led unification

Forces of Imperialism Motives: Economic competition for markets & raw materials National pride Racism “White Man’s Burden” Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples

Forces of Imperialism Technological Advantages over Africa: Superior weapons Railroads, cables, steamships Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria

Forces of Imperialism Factors Making Africa Vulnerable: Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures Ethnic rivalries Lower level of technology, including weapons

Division of Africa Berlin Conference of 1884 & 1885: Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries Outcomes: Random distribution of African ethnic & linguistic groups among European nations Transformation of the way of life of Africans

“From Cairo to Cape Town”

French Control of Indochina How Brought Under Control: Missionaries were killed French army invaded Vietnam Combined it with Laos and Cambodia

French Control of Indochina Method of Control: Direct control French themselves filled all important positions in gov’t

French Control of Indochina Economic Policies: Discouraged local industry Rice became major export crop

French Control of Indochina Colonial Impact: Imposed French culture All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models ↓ of local industries Less food for peasants

Effects of Imperialism Colonization: Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Effects of Imperialism Colonial Economics: Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies

Effects of Imperialism Christianization: Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia