1. The Age of Imperialism and Nationalism 1850-1914
Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

2. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

3. The Rise of Nationalism
A. Nationalism
1. A feeling of strong loyalty and devotion to one's country and culture.
a. These bonds tie people together.
B. Extreme Nationalism
Belief that one's culture or country is better than another.
II. Effects of Nationalism
A. Nation-States struggle for unification and independence.
1. Each nation-state had its own government and was loosely connected to
other nation-states of similar culture.
Examples: Germany and Italy during 19th century.
III. Ethnic groups
1. Ethnic groups banded together and became more nationalistic, each
demanding its own independent nation.
2. They wanted freedom and the right to set up their own freely elected
government.

4. Italian Unification (1858-1870)
I. Unification of Italy
A. Congress of Vienna had broken Italy into many small kingdoms after
Napoleon (French Emperor) was defeated.
1. Papal States
a. Some kingdoms in Italy were ruled by the Catholic Church.
2. Austrian domination
a. Most kingdoms in Italy were controlled by Austria.
1a. These kingdoms often had conflicting interests and fought each other.
B. Italians united to fight the foreign domination of their country.
1. Secret patriotic and nationalistic societies spread throughout Italy.
2. Austria and France often sent troops to
crush rebellions.

5. I. Unification of Germany
A. Prior to unification, Germany was a loose confederation of states controlled by Austria.
B. German states entered into a union with Prussia in 1844
1. Ruled by the Zollverein.
1a. This upset Austria.
2a. Promoted free trade with Prussia and other German states without paying heavy tariffs (taxes on imported goods) to Austria.

6. Unification of Germany: Prussia
II. Prussia
A. Powerful independent country in northern Europe ruled by King William I.
B. Otto Von Bismarck, Prime Minister or Chancellor of Prussia
1. Very powerful person, "The Iron Chancellor"
2. United the German states against Austrian rule.
C. Events leading to the Unification of Germany:
1. In 1866, Prussia and Austria fought a war for control of northern Germany.
a. 1867, Prussia won and formed the North German Confederation.
1a. Austria still controlled southern Germany.
2. Otto Von Bismarck desired to unite all of Germany.
a. Problems?
1a. Northern Germany was mostly Lutherans. (Protestants)
2a. Southern Germany was mostly Catholics.
b. Solution?
1a. War with France.
1aa. Both Germanys held strong nationalistic pride

7. Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)
I. Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
A. Prussia defeated France in six months.
1. KingWilliam I, named emperor of Germany.
a. Germany acquired the Rhineland (Alsace-Lorraine) from France.
B. Germany became one of the world's strongest countries.
2. Well-disciplined army and healthy economy.
The Rhineland (Alsace-Lorraine) acquired by Germany as a result of the Franco-Prussian War
1870 will be a disputed topic for both World War I & World War II.

8. Imperialism or Nationalism?
In pairs, decide whether the picture depicts imperialism or nationalism and tell why you chose as you did.

9. Causes of Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States
Where would these resources come from?
Africa
Asia
Latin America

10. Causes of Imperialism
Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods
The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness
Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another
Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

11. Causes of Imperialism
Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others
Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations
Need to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa
Need to civilize and “westernize” others

12. Why Imperialism? Empire Building Economics
Political and Military Interests
Power and Authority
Nineteenth Century – 1800s
British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years

13. The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire
Examine the map below and then decide what the title means.

14. STOP

15. What Enabled Imperialism?
Europeans’ technological superiority (including the machine gun)
Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies
Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria)
Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

16. No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??
Imperialism in Africa
Berlin Conference,
European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa
Any European nation could claim land in Africa by telling the others and showing they could control the area
Europeans paid no attention to the ethnic and linguistic divisions in Africa when dividing it amongst themselves
No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??

17. Impact of Imperialism in Africa
POSITIVE
Local warfare reduced
Improved sanitation
Hospitals led to increased lifespan
Schools led to increased literacy
Economic growth
NEGATIVE
Loss of land and independence
Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms
Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems
Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals

18. Imperialism in 1914

19. Imperialism and Empire – British in India
The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of India
The British established control of India and its neighbors by 1914.
The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire!

20. Forms of Imperialism Types of Management
INDIRECT CONTROL
DIRECT CONTROL
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture)
Government institutions based only on European styles
Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights

21. The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914
Causes
Nationalism
To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.
Imperialism
Economic Competition
Europeans
exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized.
Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.
Missionary Spirit
Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

22. The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914
Effects
Colonization
Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Imperialism
Colonial Economics
Europeans
exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized.
Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.
Christianization
Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.