Chapter 2 : Lesson 2 Uniting for Independence

Why and how did the colonists declare Independence? Essential Question Why and how did the colonists declare Independence?

Colonies on Their Own For almost 150 years, the American colonies ruled themselves without interference from England.

Kings and Queens of Great Britain James I 1603 – 1625 (Jamestown 1607, Plymouth 1620) Charles I 1625 - 1649 (beheaded) (Interregnum) Cromwell & sons 1648 - 1660 Charles II 1660 - 1685 (“restored”) James II 1685 - 1688 (exiled) Glorious Revolution of 1688 William III and Mary II 1688 - 1702 Anne 1702 – 1714 (war) George I 1714 – 1727 (barely spoke English) George II 1727 – 1760 (“enjoyed” being king)

Kings and Queens of Great Britain James I 1603 – 1625 (Jamestown 1607, Plymouth 1620) Charles I 1625 - 1649 (beheaded) (Interregnum) Cromwell & sons 1648 - 1660 Charles II 1660 - 1685 (“restored”) James II 1685 - 1688 (exiled) Glorious Revolution of 1688 William III and Mary II 1688 - 1702 Anne 1702 - 1714 George I 1714 - 1727 George II 1727 - 1760 The Point: They all left the colonies alone.

Colonies on Their Own Then everything changed in mid-1700’s.

Events that Changed Everything French and Indian War 1756-1763 England was left with huge debt. George III became king in 1760. 1 2

3. New Political Ideas Many Enlightenment thinkers influenced they American colonists Hobbes Social Contract Theory stated that people should only surrender enough power to the government so that it can maintain a civil society. Locke Government should exist to protect people’s natural rights (life, liberty, property) and if the government failed to protect these rights, it should be abolished.

4. The Stamp Act - 1765 1st time England had directly imposed a tax on the colonists. Tax on legal documents, pamphlets, newspapers, dice, playing cards, etc. Protests caused repeal but other taxes replaced it.

5. Boston Tea Party Protest against tax on tea. In December, 1773, colonists destroyed the tea rather than let it get to market.                                                          

Boston Tea Party Closed Boston harbor. Called this in England Resulted in Parliament passing the Coercive Acts (the Intolerable Acts). Closed Boston harbor. Withdrew right of Massachusetts to govern itself. Called this in America

6. Impact of Intolerable Acts Colonists began to unite. Colonists argued that only colonial legislatures could impose direct taxes. Committees of Correspondence formed into a communications network beginning in 1773.

1st Continental Congress Began in September 1774. Debated what to do about the relationship with Great Britain. Imposed an embargo on British goods. British Response: Stronger measures. George III considered colonists in rebellion.

The Shots Heard “Round the World” Lexington and Concord, Mass. April 19, 1775 1st battles of the Revolutionary War

2nd Continental Congress May 1775 They assumed the powers of a central government with John Hancock as president of Congress. Organized an army and navy. Made George Washington commander. Issued money.

2nd Continental Congress After a year of fighting, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced a “resolution for independence.” Richard Henry Lee was the great-uncle of Robert E. Lee.

2nd Continental Congress Appointed a committee to write a draft. Committee asked Thomas Jefferson to write the document. July 2, 1776, the Congress approved Lee’s resolution for independence. July 4, 1776, Congress approved final draft of declaration.

Declaration of Independence 4 Parts Preamble Declaration of Natural Rights List of Grievances Resolution of Independence

Review Question: Chapter 2 : Lesson 2 Read pages 42-48 and answer Review Questions on page 48. Hand in Google Class Room.