2. Road to the American Revolution and The Declaration of Independence

3. What do you think?

5. The 13 Colonies REVIEW
Great Britain followed a system of mercantilism- used the colonies for raw materials; more exports than imports
Salutary Neglect- British policy of avoiding or not paying attention to the colonies; the colonies governed themselves
Navigations Acts (1600’s)- colonies could only trade with the mother country (England) using only British ships

6. French and Indian War (The Seven Years War)
French Empire collided with the British Empire
In North America, the English Colonies vs. the French and Native Americans
British debt = HIGH TAXES in the 13 English Colonies

7. French and Indian War

8. End of the French and Indian War
British claimed land east of the Mississippi River
Proclamation of Banned all settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
With new English territory, there was an increased independent spirit among the colonies / colonist.

9. New British Rules and Taxes
Sugar Act- raised taxes on sugar, wine, coffee, etc.
Colonies’ Reaction- Colonial merchants protested
Stamp Act- taxed all documents from newspapers, playing cards, to contracts; direct tax
Colonies’ Reaction- protested, wrote letters, had debates, boycotted British goods

10. “No Taxation without Representation”
Colonist felt they should not be taxed because they did not elect anyone to English Parliament
Sons of Liberty was formed
Group that opposed English Rule and advocated independence
English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act

11. New British Rules and Taxes Continued…
Quartering Act- colonist had to house British Troops in their homes to keep down cost for British
Colonies’ Reaction- colonist did not like the “occupation” of British Troops; formed meetings about the acts they did not like

12. Boston Massacre March 5, 1770

13. New British Rules and Taxes Continued…
Tea Act- required the colonist to buy tea from certain companies
Colonies’ Reaction- Protests
The Boston Tea Party- Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the Boston Harbor dressed as Indians

14. New British Rules and Taxes Continued…
Intolerable Acts- designed to punish the colonist for the Boston Tea Party
Closed Boston Harbor
Restricted trial by jury
Searches without warrants
Quartering of troops without permission
No town meetings
Boston under Military Rule
Colonies’ Reaction- First Continental Congress; Colonies Unite

15. First Continental Congress September 5 – October 26, 1774
All colonies sent delegates (except Georgia) to Philadelphia, PA
Delegates divided on the issue of independence
Sent a Letter to King George asking for rights to be restored; wanted to remain loyal to England

16. Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775
Start of the Revolutionary War
“Shot heard round the World”

17. Second Continental Congress
Started May 1775
Divided beliefs- independence vs. loyal
Chose a leader of the military- General George Washington
Wrote the Declaration of Independence
Adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776

18. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Writing that challenged the authority of the British Government
Spoke in plain language to common people of America
First work that spoke openly about American Independence

19. More About the Declaration
Voted for Independence July 2, 1776 declaration proposed 2 days later
Written largely by Thomas Jefferson
Parts of the Declaration (p 60-63)
Preamble
Declaration of Rights
List of Grievances
Resolution by the United States

20. The Declaration of Independence