Ayesha kanwal
Trophic level Definition History types of organisms Why are pyramids important in ecology? 4 types of trophic levels
Trophic level o In ecology, the trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain what it eats, and what eats it algae → mosquito larvae → dragon fly larvae → perch
History The concept of trophic level was developed by Raymond Lindeman (1942), based on the terminology of August Thienemann (1926): "producers", "consumers" and "reducers" (modified to "decomposers" by Lindeman
Organisms get their food in one of two ways. o Autotrophs (or producers) make their own food using light or chemical energy. Examples: plants, algae, and some bacteria. o Heterotrophs (or consumers) get organic molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products. Examples: Animals, fungi, and many bacteria
Three types of consumers Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores
HERBIVORES Animals who eat plants such as:
CARNIVORES Animals who eat other animals such as:
OMNIVORES Animals who eat both plants and animals such as:
o Specialized heterotrophs are decomposers that break down dead organic material and wastes.
Why are pyramids important in ecology? o The classic example of a pyramid is shown here. But the pyramid structure can also represent the decrease in a measured substance from the lowest level on up. In ecology, pyramids model the use of energy from the producers through the ecosystem.
There are different trophic levels o First trophic level: The green plants occupy first trophic level ( primary producer level) Makes its own food Example: Plants make food
o Second trophic level: Plants eater (herbivores) form the second level or primary consumer level Consumes producers Example: Mice eat plant seeds
o Third trophic level: Carnivores that eat the herbivores form the third level or secondary consumer level Consumes primary consumers Example: Snakes eat mice
o Fourth trophic level: It is composed of tertiary consumer Consumes secondary consumers Example: Hawks eat snakes
o Some animals can eat plant as well as smaller animals. Therefore, they are called as Omnivores. Thus it occupies more than one level in food chain.