Unit 4 Test Review Answers

Chapter 11

Cotton Gin Who invented? Why is it significant? Eli Whitney Led to the expansion of slavery Increased profit and productivity

Erie Canal Where is it located? Why is it significant? Runs east to west from Buffalo, NY to New York, NY Why is it significant? Faster, more efficient form of transportation Benefitted commerce (business)

Interchangeable Parts Who invented? Why is it significant? Allowed goods to be massed produced More efficient

Factory System Required fewer skills of workers Led America to great wealth

Tariffs Define: a tax on imported goods North— supported high tariffs because it protected their businesses and ensured Americans would purchase their goods. South– opposed high tariffs because it increased the price of manufactured goods from foreign countries.

Chapter 12

Andrew Jackson Before Jackson After Jackson Government had been run for the people by the well educated (rich) leaders During Rise of the common man Government for the people and run BY THE PEOPLE (Democracy) Vetoed the charter of the second National Bank Removed Native Americans to Oklahoma Nullification Crisis After Jackson National Bank destroyed = money problems Manifest Destiny in full force

Indian Removal Act Gave Andrew Jackson the power to negotiate resettlement treaties with the Native Americans and allowed the states to make laws governing their territory. Jackson thought this act was a fabulous compromise. He believe it would allow the natives to keep their way of life and also allow Americans to get the land they wanted. Forced Cherokees to move into “Indian Territory”– West of the Mississippi River Led to the “Trail of Tears” Harsh conditions… dragged out of homes into the cold and rain

Nullification Crisis US government imposed a high tariff to protect the Northern industry (nicknamed Tariff of Abomination) that set off a debate in Congress. South Carolina threatened to secede because they were being forced to pay it. John C. Calhoun insisted that if a state felt that a federal law was in direct conflict with the state’s best interest, the state could declare federal laws unconstitutional and nullify it.

Election of 1828 Seeking revenge from the “corrupt bargain” of the Election of 1824, Jackson ran again against John Quincy Adams. Voting rights had been extended to include ALL men. (All white men rather than all white, wealthy men.) Viewed as a more democratic election.

Spoils System “To the victor belongs the spoils” Made popular by President Andrew Jackson Filled government jobs with political supporters

Chapter 13

Manifest Destiny “Obvious Fate” Idea that America had the GOD GIVEN RIGHT to pursue it’s dreams (more land, more wealth, and more international power) Overall goal was to control territory from coast to coast We used this belief to justify all the things we had to do in order to achieve those goals (war treaties, land purchases, removal of the Indians, discrimination against the other native inhabitants, boundary disputes, annexation of land, etc.)

Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Includes: Signed by President James Polk Ended war with Mexico Recognized Texas as being part of the US Includes: California Nevada Utah Arizona New Mexico Completed Manifest Destiny

Chapter 14

Temperance Movement Goal was to change “moderation” of drinking to “total abstinence” Supporters warned people of the dangers of alcohol

Dorthea Dix What reform did he/she fight for? She worked to help reform the prison system and help those with mental disabilities get fair treatment and care She helped to create separate facilities for mentally ill patients

Sojourner Truth What reform did he/she fight for? Equal rights for women Expressed her concern that the Constitution did not talk about the rights of African Americans How is he/she remembered today? African American woman who was born a slave Wrote “Ain’t I a Woman?” to explain how black women and white women were treated differently

Elizabeth Cady Stanton What reform did he/she fight for? Participating in social movements in support of women’s suffrage, temperance, and abolition

Horace Mann What reform did he/she fight for? Formation of public schools He thought the government should pay for public school for all children

Henry David Thoreau What reform did he/she fight for? Part of the Transcendentalism literary movement Believed in the importance of individualism, he urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust Encouraged civil disobedience (peacefully disobeying a law , instead of using violence)

Seneca Falls Convention Promoted equal rights for women Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott They (women) wanted the same rights as men.

Second Great Awakening A time of renewed religious interest The idea that people could act to make things better Urged people to give up their sins and help others

Free Enterprise Property Is owned by individuals and business Little of no government control The desire to make a profit motivates individuals Competition is encouraged

Immigration California Gold Rush caused a rush of settlers into California Many Chinese found jobs as railroad workers Influx of people created a need for a more effective government

Mormon Migration Religious persecution forced Mormons to move many times Brigham Young and the Mormons found a new home in Utah