1. Reform & Westward Expansion
Chapter 2 Section 1

2. Focus Question
What trends in democratization and reform were taking shape in the US by 1850?

3. Democracy & The Age of Jackson
More Americans can vote
Property restrictions removed
Race/Gender restrictions still apply
Andrew Jackson becomes President
Trail of Tears

4. Religion and Social Reform
Religious Revivals 1820s
Second Great Awakening: religious movement that swept America
People could and should work to achieve moral perfection

5. Religion and Social Reform
Religious Revivals 1820s
Anyone could be saved
Baptists, Methodists, Latter-day Saints

6. Improvements and Conflicts
“wall of separation” between church and state
Thomas Jefferson
Govt’s job to encourage public morality?
Minority religions persecuted
Mormons fled to Utah
Dorothea Dix
Prison reform
Horace Mann
Improvement in public schools
Transcendentalism: taught the importance of following one’s conscience

7. The Antislavery Movement
Abolitionists: sought gradual or immediate end to slavery on the grounds that it was morally wrong
Conflict → most Americans believed prosperity rested on slavery
Slave revolts
200 significant revolts (ex: Nat Turner)
Led to harsher treatment of slaves

8. Call for Freedom Frederick Douglass
Escaped slave and active abolotionist
Harriet Tubman
Underground Railroad: network of abolitionists who led enslaved people to freedom
William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator

9. Women’s Rights Women could not Hold office Serve on a jury
Own property in their own name
Gain custody of kids after divorce
Earn same wages as men
Earn a college degree in most schools
Vote

10. Women Organize Fight for temperance Fight for abolitionism
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony
Seneca Falls Convention 1848
Declaration of Sentiments
Ultimate Goal: women’s suffrage

11. Manifest Destiny Continues
Conflicts with Mexico
Mexican-American War → annexation of Texas
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo set boundaries for Texas

12. Manifest Destiny Continues
The Golden State
Gold discovered in CA
Forty-niners and the gold rush
Western expansionism inflames conflict over slavery
New territories = free or slaveholding?