12.2 DNA Replication Process of creating an identical copy of DNA is replication. 2 strands will unwind and become a template for copying. strands separate at replication fork. strands are separated by DNA helicase (enzyme)

12.2 DNA Replication

12.2 DNA Replication Each strand becomes a template to make a copy. Bases are paired by DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase adds bases to make a new strand.

12.2 DNA Replication

12.2 DNA Replication DNA => DNA = Replication = making a copy (identical to original) DNA => RNA = Transcription = rewriting

12.2 DNA Replication RNA – Ribo Nucleic acid Made of a long chain of repeating nucleotides. Differences from DNA RIBOSE nucleic acid Shorter ( 1 or several genes) Short lived Single strand Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U) Uracil is substituted for Thymine <= in DNA

12.2 DNA Replication The RNA has an Oxygen on the bottom carbon . The DNA is missing an Oxygen on the bottom carbon. This one change makes DNA more stable than RNA

12.2 DNA Replication Types of RNA mRNA Messenger RNA Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

12.2 DNA Replication TRNA - transfer RNA Carries amino acids to ribosomes (review Ch. 6 for amino acids) Peptide chain is made of amino acids

12.2 DNA Replication RRNA - Ribosomal RNA Protein and rRNA make ribosomes rRNA is a component of a ribosome

12.2 DNA Replication Process of Transcription A process where 1 or several genes are coded into mRNA from DNA RNA polymerase binds and opens DNA The template strand of DNA contains the gene you need. RNA polymerase will add compliment bases to make mRNA

12.2 DNA Replication DNA => DNA = Replication mRNA goes to the ribosome for protein synthesis (Review Ch. 7) DNA => DNA = Replication DNA => RNA = Transcription RNA => Protein = Translation