1. Replication Transcription Translation
DNA
Replication Transcription Translation

2. So far, DNA has been pretty straightforward…
This power point will hopefully help ease the confusion that can come with replication, transcription, and translation….

3. REPLICATION The process a cell uses to make copies of DNA
1- The 2 strands of original DNA (parent) separate- (unwind, or unzip…) 2- Bases on each side are used as a pattern, so complementary nucleotides are added (base A adds T, T adds A, G adds C, and C adds G, ) 3- When done, there are 2 new identical strands of DNA- (daughter DNA) one made from each side of the original DNA strand

4. What is RNA?
RNA is a copy of a portion of a strand of DNA that contains instructions on how to build proteins.
There are 3 types of RNA- each has a special function.
mRNA- messenger RNA
rRNA- ribosomal RNA
tRNA-transfer RNA
Bases- cytosine and guanine still pair, but adenine pairs with uracil (no thymine in RNA)

5. TRANSCRIPTION When a cell needs a set of instruction for making a protein, it makes an RNA copy of the needed part of the DNA.
1- The 2 DNA strands in a gene for a needed protein unzip. 2- A complementary strand of RNA is made from one strand of the DNA using the partner bases- (remember adenine now pairs with uracil). This is called messenger RNA mRNA.

6. TRANSLATION The information from mRNA is translated and used to build proteins
1- A ribosome attaches to an mRNA strand
2- mRNA is fed through a protein making assembly line in the ribosome
3- tRNA (transfer RNA) enters and matches up to 3 complementary bases on the mRNA and delivers a specific amino acid.
4- The genetic code determines the order that the amino acids are delivered to ribosomes
5- The amino acids join together to make a protein.

7. One last word… Mutation
A change in the number, type, or order of bases
Deletion- a base is left out
Insertion- an extra base is added
Substitution- one base replaces another-****most common type of mutation****
Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.