Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher Stowe - author *“So this is the little lady that started a war” – Abe Lincoln -depicted evil side of slavery to the public “Uncle Tom” Slave “Simon Legree” mean owner -1852, sold over a million copies *Strong reactions from the N & S

“If the people of Kansas want a slave- Kansas-Nebraska Act “If the people of Kansas want a slave- Holding state, let them have it, and if They want a free state they have a right To it, and it is not for the people of Illinois, or NY or MI or KY to complain….” -1854--popular sovereignty passed as law in 1850 compromise to determine slavery- *All eyes turn to Kansas *”Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave states… we will engage in competition for the virgin soil of Kansas and God give the victory to the side that is stronger in #s as it is in right”- NY Senator -rush to populate state with “voters” for each side armed with rifles, animals, seed and farm equipment.. .and even AA -”bleeding Kansas” – nickname describes violence -slavery and abolitionist forces resort to violence John Brown: Violently killed 5 men who voted illegally in KA for Slavery

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Kansas-Nebraska Act -A fight in the U.S. Senate Mass. Senator Charles Sumner Speech: “The Crime against Kansas” Against Slavery Against Andrew Butler of SC Butler’s nephew: Preston Brooks walks over to the Senate Chamber “ I have read your speech twice over, carefully… It is a libel on SC and Mr. Butler who is a relative of mine” -A fight in the U.S. Senate Preston Brooks v.Charles Sumner - Sumner doesn’t return to the Senate for 3 years.

Dred Scott v. Sanford -Scott is a slave -he is taken into free states - Owner Dies -sues for freedom based on Missouri Compromise -Supreme Court (majority of southern justices) rules: 1. Blacks are not citizens (they are property) 2. Can’t ban slavery 3. Missouri Comp. is illegal: Congress CANNOT forbid slavery in any part of the territories

Development of Republican Party -Slavery had come to dominate the differences in the parties -by 1850 the differences had peaked so that anti-slavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers formed a new anti-slavery party -official party policy was to oppose the growth of slavery where it did not exist.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates -Senate race in 1858- Illinois Stephen Douglas (Dem), Abraham Lincoln (Rep.) -debate over slavery issues neither man wanted slavery in the area, but how to do it? -Douglas issues Freeport Doctrine Slavery needs certain laws in order to exist. Don’t pass those laws and there will be no slavery Popular Sovereignty would allow slavery to pass away on its own -Douglas wins the election, Lincoln gains national fame “Vast moral Evil” of slavery-

Lincoln-Douglas Debates -Senate race in 1858 Stephen Douglas (Dem), Abraham Lincoln (Rep.) -debate over slavery issues neither man wanted slavery in the area, but how to do it? -Douglas issues Freeport Doctrine Slavery needs certain laws in order to exist. Don’t pass those laws and there will be no slavery -Douglas wins the election, Lincoln gains national fame

John Brown’s Raid -John Brown was an extreme abolitionist “God’s angry man” -captured Harper’s Ferry military installation in Virginia with intent to arm slaves-21 men. Oct. 16 1859 -surrounded and forced to surrender by Robert E. Lee -Brown found guilty at trial and then hanged--becomes a martyr for many abolitionists -Many Southerners thought Brown represented northerners who wanted to control the southern lifestyle and economy

–JB a month before his execution: “If it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done.”

Southern Secession -1860 election -slavery divided the parties -Lincoln pledges to stop spread of slavery but not to interfere with the south -Douglas got support of Northern Democrats -John Breckinridge got southern Democrats -John Bell nominated by Constitutional Union Party

Lincoln’s Election -Lincoln wins election with no southern electoral votes -Southern states secede in fear of gov’t where they have no voice Before Lincoln has his 1st day in office -S.C. first to secede, 6 others follow - Confederate States of America formed before Lincoln takes office -Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President

Excuse me Mr. President……… NOW WHAT would HAPPEN? Would the 8 slave states that remained in the Union secede too? Secession is illegal, but would it be illegal for the President to do Anything for it? What about Washington DC? – it was in the south Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?

Abraham thinkin’