A TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS CIVIL RIGHTS A TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS

Standard USHC-8.1 Analyze the African American Civil Rights Movement.

Essential Question What were the key events of the Civil Rights Movement?

What other efforts at Civil Rights? 13th: 1865 abolished slavery 14th: 1868 established citizenship and due process 15th: 1870 universal male suffrage

Early Civil Rights Leaders W.E.B. DuBois—pushed for immediate civil rights and equality. Leader of NAACP Booker T. Washington founder of Tuskegee Institute.

1909 NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People est’d.

1948 Pres. Truman integrates the military

1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas SC rules “separate, but equal” facilities are unconstitutional. Reverses Plessy v Ferguson.

1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus. A boycott follows, leading to desegregation.

1957 Central High School Little Rock, Arkansas “The Little Rock Nine” Pres. Eisenhower sends federal troops to protect black students integrating local HS.

1960 Sit-ins Students in Greensboro, NC stage sit-ins at the Woolworth’s lunch counter Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, SNCC (snick) led by Stokely Carmichael

1961 Freedom Rides Volunteers take buses into the South to test new desegregation laws, often meeting with violence

Freedom rides http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHaXo6N_vh8

1962 James Meredith Pres. Kennedy sends 5000 troops to U. MS. for James Meredith, 1st African-American student, to attend.

1963 Birmingham, AL MLK and the SCLC (slick) Protest segregation. End in violence, riots, and arrests of adults and children…on TV.

Aug 1963 March on Washington 200,000 people hear Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington.

Stand in the Schoolhouse Door Gov. George Wallace Refuses to desegregate Univ. of Alabama Federal troops had to force him.

1963 Bombing in Birmingham 4 young girls killed at 16th St. Baptist Church KKK bomber is arrested and found guilty of…illegal possession of dynamite!

1964 24th Amendment Outlawed poll tax. Black voter registration begins to increase.

1964 Civil Rights Act Outlaws discrimination based on race.

1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Civil rights activists attempt to register African-Americans to vote

1965 Selma March Demanding voting rights, 600 protesters plan to march to Montgomery. 6 blocks into march, they meet state troopers armed with nightsticks and tear gas.

SELMA, ALABAMA 1965

1965 Voting Rights Act In the aftermath of Selma, Pres. Johnson calls for passage of a voting rights bill. Outlaws literacy tests, est’d fed. oversight

Protests—different views KING: Non-violent, passive resistance Influenced by Ghandi Black Power: proactive, militant, focus on black pride and African heritage.

1965 Malcolm X assassinated Key member of the Nation of Islam Wanted segregation from White society Believed Blacks needed to focus on their AFRICAN heritage. 1964 Pilgrimage to Mecca softened his anti-white views. Began cooperation with SCLC and SNCC

Malcolm X In Feb. 1965, he was assassinated by 2 members of the Nation of Islam who felt he was a traitor.

1965-67 Urban Race Riots – a call for economic rights Watts (Los Angeles), Detroit, Newark

1968 Martin Luther King, Jr assassinated Memphis, TN, King is shot by James Earl Ray.

Vocabulary Thurgood Marshall Fannie Lou Hamer Black Panthers Civil Rights Act of 1968 Affirmative Action