Ch.19 Sect.1: WWI Begins

Main Idea/Objectives As WWI intensified, the US was forced to abandon its neutrality. 1. Describe the first two years of the war. 2. Summarize US public opinion about the war. 3. Explain why the US entered the war.

What you will learn about… Nationalism Militarism Allies Central powers Lusitania Trench warfare

Causes of WWI 4 long term causes of WWI… Nationalism— Led to rivalries Many feared Germany Ethnic groups wanted independent nations Russia… Russia vs. Austria-Hungary

Causes European nations had been building… Colonies, Germany, France, & Britain Military spending goes up Militarism— Strongest nation was… Was Britain worried? Wilhelm II Who else joined the naval arms race? Triple Entente (Allies) Triple Alliance (Central)

Kaiser Wilhelm II

An Assassination Leads to War “powder keg of Europe” Ethnic rivalries… Russia wanted… Germany wanted… Austria-Hungary… Archduke Franz Ferdinand The band? Don’t write this Shot by Gavrilo Princip Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Who declared war on who?

Gavrilo Princip

The Fighting Starts August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium… The plan called for quick drive through Belgium to Paris, then what? 3 kinds of trenches… Dugouts No man’s land 1st battle of the Somme Trench warfare—

Battle of the Somme Lego Somme

Dugout

Trench Foot

Americans Question Neutrality Socialists said it was a capitalist struggle between Germany and England… Pacifists… Naturalized citizens followed it closely Many felt close to Britain Why did Americans have sympathy for Allies? American economic ties…

The War Hits Home Why did Americans mobilize for war? British blockaded German coast 2 results? 1917 German famine U-Boats Lusitania sank Arabic sank Sussex sank Wilson re-elected in 1916

The U.S. Declares War Germans ignored Wilson’s call for peace Zimmerman note— 4 American ships sunk Wilson wanted to make world “safe for democracy”

Ch.19 Sect.4:Wilson Fights for Peace

Main Idea/Objectives European leaders opposed most of Wilson’s peace plan, and the US Senate failed to ratify the peace treaty. 1. Summarize Wilson’s 14 points. 2. Describe the Treaty of Versailles and international and domestic reaction. 3. Explain some of the consequences of the war.

What you will learn about… League of Nations Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd George Treaty of Versailles War Guilt Clause

Wilson Presents His Plan Wilson received hero’s welcome 14 Points— First 5 points… Next 8 dealt with boundary changes Ethnic groups would form their own nations League of Nations—

The Allies Reject Wilson’s Plan The Big 4 Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando Central Powers not invited Wilson conceded on most of his points but…

Lloyd George Orlando

Debating the Treaty of Versailles Gathered in the Hall of Mirrors Treaty of Versailles created 9 new nations! Mandates Germany could not have… Reparations—

Treaty’s Weaknesses War-Guilt clause No way Germany could pay huge financial reparations Germany stripped of colonial possessions Soviet Union lost a lot of territory Many Americans believed it was to harsh! Main opposition was on League of Nations

Wilson ignored Republicans Wilson went on 8000 mile journey, why? Did the treaty pass the Senate vote? US signed a treaty with Germany in 1921 WWI strengthened military and power of govt. Political instability in Europe First Communist state created… Did the treaty settle anything? An Austrian by the name of Adolf Hitler was angry for German blame