The Early Cold War.

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Cold War

End of World War II End of World War II Visions of a Postwar World Germany? Eastern Europe? Satellite States “Iron Curtain” East Asia? Japan Korea United Nations

Post-World War II Europe “Iron Curtain”

Competing Ideologies Command economy Dictatorship Warsaw Pact USSR & EASTERN EUROPE U.S. & WESTERN EUROPE Command economy Dictatorship Warsaw Pact Comintern Gain global influence Acquire natural resources Capitalism (free market) Democracy NATO Containment Gain global influence Acquire natural resources

Expansion of the Cold War Arms Race Brinkmanship Space Race Sputnik I (1957) Global Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Decolonization Proxy Wars Latin America Africa

The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin. The wall fell in 1989.

Cold War as a Global “War”

East Asia Chinese Revolution 1949 Korean War (1950-1953) Japan Mao Zedong People’s Republic of China U.S. refuses to acknowledge Communist China Korean War (1950-1953) Korea remains divided near the 38th parallel Japan Rebuilt Japan fearing spread of Communism

Southeast Asia Vietnam War Cambodia Indonesia Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh defeats France in 1954 Fearing spread of Communism the U.S. supports South Vietnam North Vietnam, with help from Viet Cong, defeats U.S. and unifies Vietnam in 1975 Cambodia Khmer Rouge Indonesia Bandung Conference in 1957

Khmer Rouge

South Asia India Pakistan Afghanistan Supporter of Non-Alignment movement Received aid from USSR Pakistan Received millions of dollars in economic & military aid due to its location Afghanistan Soviets invade 1975 Opposed by the mujahedeen Defeated Soviets retreat in1989

Middle East Turkey Iran Egypt Truman Doctrine Oil industry dominated by the West Mosaddegh attempted to nationalize oil industry in 1951 CIA overthrew Mosaddegh Shah Reza Pahlavi made absolute ruler Egypt Nasser received aid from both sides

Africa The Congo Gained independence in 1960 Patrice Lumumba is first prime minister Belgium reoccupied parts of the Congo a week after independence Lumumba failed to get support from U.S. Lumumba went to Soviet Union for support C.I.A. helped stage a coup d'état Mobutu Sese Seko Civil War breaks out in Congo Laurent Kabila

Latin America U.S. attempted to overthrow countries that attempted to go Communist Cuba Cuban Revolution (1959) Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Nicaragua Resisted Sandinistas by supporting capitalist Contras Guatemala C.I.A. removed Jacobo Arbenz

End of the Cold War

End of the Cold War Destalinization Détente Nikita Khrushchev Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) First major nuclear arms treaty signed in 1972 President Nixon visits China in 1972 Helsinki Accords (1975) No political boundaries should be changed by military force Paved way for dialogue between U.S. and USSR

Mikhail Gorbachev Begins series of reforms in 1985 Glasnost Opened government to criticism Provokes criticism by minority nationalities (nationalism) Perestroika Free-market reforms Nuclear arms agreements with Ronald Reagan Russia’s 1st free election (1990) Replaced by Boris Yeltsin First McDonalds opened in Russia on January 31, 1990