1. CH. 31: I. The Cold War

2. A. Origins of Cold War 1. DuringWorld War II: Russia on Allied forces 2. West staunchly anti-communist 3. Germany: split between communist East Berlin & capitalist West Berlin

3. 3 Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin at Yalta Yalta Conference: Post WW II

4. B. Symbols of the Cold War 1. Capitalism (IMF & World Bank) vs. Communism Iron Curtain 2. The “Iron Curtain” 3. Berlin Wall (fell in 1989) 4. “Proxy” Wars ( instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved ) 5. United Nations (1945)

5. THE IRON CURTAIN “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” - Winston Churchill March 5, 1946

6. U.N. flag (headquarters in N.Y.C.)

7. C. Cold War (1947-1953) 1. U.S. adopts “containment” policy under Truman Doctrine to stop spread of communism 2. Marshall Plan: rebuild W. Europe by U.S. Soviet’s: Molotov Plan to rebuild E. Europe 3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military alliance between U.S. & w. Europe Soviet’s created: Warsaw Pact

8. D. Start of the Cold War 1. Berlin Airlift (1948-1949) “Brinkmanship” 2. Communist takeover of China (1949) 3. U.S.S.R. detonates 1 st A-bomb (1949) 4. Korean War (1950-1953) expansion of containment theory fuels “McCarthyism“ in U.S.

9. E. Early Cold War (1953-1972) 1. Vietnam War Communist N. Vietnam separates from French Indo-China 2. “Space Race” 3. Cuban Revolution Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Nakita Khrushchev and Vice- President Richard Nixon engage in the “Kitchen Debate” in 1959

10. II. Korea, Vietnam, & Cuba

11. A. Korean War (1950-53) 1. 38 th Parallel: Soviets occupied north & U.S. south 2. 1950: North invades South U.S. aided South Korea China sent troops to North

12. B. Vietnam War (1954-1973) 1. French-controlled Indo-China 2. Communist leader Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence from France after WW II cited Declaration of Independence…

13. 3. France tried to reclaim Indo-China U.S. supported re-colonization France withdrew (1954) Ho Chi Minh divided Vietnam into North & South J.F.K. sent anti-Communist “advisors” to South

14. C. U.S. Involvement 1. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964): President LBJ escalated U.S. presence in Vietnam 2. Nixon further escalated U.S. presence U.S. invades Cambodia; rise of Khmer Rouge regime dictator Pol Pot purges 1/3 of Cambodian pop. 3. U.S. declared “Victory w/ Honor”… withdrew 1973 South Vietnam fell to North

17. My Lai Massacre

18. D. Cuban Revolution 1. Fulgencio Batista presided over a corrupt, repressive regime U.S. & wealthy oligarchy dominated 1959: popular revolution by Fidel Castro 2. Cuban Missile Crisis: U.S. deployed nukes in Turkey…Soviets deployed nukes in Cuba Kruschev eventually backed down…

19. E. The Arms & Space Race 1. NOT about exploring space…to develop advanced rocketry for nukes 2. USSR 1 st in space— Sputnik (1957) 3. U.S. lands man on the moon (1969) Sputnik was the first satellite in space

20. 4. European nations stayed OUT of nuclear arms race created economic alliances: - European Union: today 27 countries - adoption of Euro currency (1999)

21. European Union

22. F. End of the Cold War (1973-1989) 1. Détente SALT Treaty Helsinki Accords 2. USSR in Afghanistan 3. Fall of Communism Mikhail Gorbachev

23. 1. Détente 1. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) 1 st arms treaty (1972) 2. Nixon visits China (1972) 3. Helsinki Accords (1975) NO political boundaries changed by military force U.S. & USSR dialogue U.S. President Richard Nixon meets with Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong

24. 2. Afghanistan (1978-1989) 1. Soviets invaded Afghanistan “USSR’s Vietnam” 2. Afghan resistance led by U.S. supported Osama Bin Laden 3. Soviets created a puppet government…overthrown by Taliban in 1996

25. Mujahideen: Afghan freedom fighters

26. 3. Mikhail Gorbachev 1. Begins series of reforms in 1985 2. Glasnost: “openness” minority nationalities rebel 3. Perestroika: free-market reforms 4. Russia’s 1 st free election (1990): Pres. Boris Yeltsin