New Trends in Knowledge Organiaion: Global Role of Knowledge Centres Dr. H. K. Kaul Director DELNET – Developing Library Network

Introduction Knowledge: An Overview Knowledge as the Agent of Transformation Knowledge Instrumental Knowledge Professional Knowledge Business Knowledge Workmans Knowledge Household Knowledge Other Practical Knowledge

Knowledge as the Agent of Transformation(contd.) Knowledge Intellectual Knowledge Spiritual Knowledge. Cumulative knowledge/ Human minds in a Society Intellectual Development Practical Knowledge Human Experience and Insights Development and Change

Libraries and Information Centres 1.Non-Digital Non-Web Environment To buy, own printed, published documents, MSS and borrow the rest from other libraries 2.Digital, Non-Web Environment To buy, own printed, published documents; get access to digital resources and try to own as much as possible. 3.The Web Environment

FromTo fixed, permanent, formatted text collections static library facilities with fixed stacks uniform sources, citations, references services provided to individual readers standard reference services professionally provided services locally owned permanent collections centralized collections and services hierarchical organizational structures discipline specialization generic user service formal acquisitions fluid and transient multimedia resources free, flexible, and virtual information customized annotations/transient works tailored services to collaborative teams personalized consulting and analysis integrated service provision holistic, integrated networked systems distributed, decentralized global access participative and collegial relationships inter-, multi- and cross-disciplinary studies user-/use-specific relevant services policies integration of informal with formal

Future of Networked Digital Resources Interactive Interactive network covers digital LAN signals, video, television signals, local video, personal computers, television receivers, video cassette recorders, printers, and video cameras. A television interface enables any television in the network to receive and display local video output by a personal computer or other device in the network and enables the television to be used as a remote monitor for the computer. Intuitive Intuitive computing facilitates answers for all types of questions in a given environment.

Future of Networked Digital Resources (contd.) Provisional paths In complex computing, mixed topologies will be used :e.g. a mix of Bus topology; Ring topology; Star topology; Tree topology. Each time a topology change is detected, the systems will create automatically new subset topologies. Time taken for this job and the effectiveness of the topologies will vary from system to system. It will be done without affecting the users. Multimedia 99% of the digital explosion on the Internet would be in Multimedia format by Web 2.0 Multimedia Search: will provide new opportunities for online advertising and applications. It is changing and is not ever lasting. From fixed, permanent, formatted text collections we are going to have fluid and transient multimedia resources

Future of Networked Digital Resources (contd.) Relationships Complex relationships are going to be handled by computing models which will revolutionize the networking requirements Resources We are going to have increasingly access to digital resources rather than to collections as the scope of physical collections will gradually decrease. Free, flexible, and virtual information Spaces In place of static library facilities with fixed stacks we are going to have access to free, flexible, and virtual information spaces.

Future of Networked Digital Resources (contd.) Hypertext Every document will get linked, for further explanation or reference, to every other necessary documents through the hypertext. Very large hypertexts and shared information spaces are going to emerge. The authoring tools which are software and services that are used to produce Web pages and Web content are going to advance the use of hypertext in multiple applications.content Flexibility More and more flexibility is getting developed for use in high power computing services. New algorithms avoid large enumeration in programming Contingency Contingency computing plans are going to cover major security systems against attacks, thefts etc

Future of Networked Digital Resources (contd.) Multiple online identities A person can develop multiple identities, where each identity will identify the person with a characteristics or a purpose. A person can have multiple profiles and control access to them. Blogs are the examples. For instance MySpace and Facebook allow people to create a social network helping others to develop different identities/ profiles Adaptability and ambiguity Because of the turbulent and dynamic internal and external environment, inherent flexibility of web based materials, item-wise attention for hypermedia systems, etc adaptability in software solutions would be a must. Also, it should be able to resolve ambiguities arising because of speech, language, data etc.

Future of Networked Digital Resources (contd.) Global Global vision of the worlds computational infrastructure is becoming day by day necessary Informal Informal knowledge exchange and social relationships among like- minded individuals/ experts on the increase. Simulation Imitation of real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas/ advanced computer programs is going to be on the increase

Sources of Knowledge Printed sources Newspapers Books Journals Gray literature etc Digital resources CDs Internet Databases Metadata etc

Sources of Knowledge(contd.) MSS Objects Human Experts Identification of Knowledge Resources Knowledge Databases Knowledge about Products, Technologies

Content Creation Organisation of Knowledge Pre-requisites Coordination with Decentralized Sources of Knowledge on Each Subject Identification of Genuine Content Adding Value to Content Make Every Knowledge Resource User-friendly and Unique to Each Individual User Topics that would Become Important in Future Language Resources Avoiding unnecessary Information Overload for Users Formal and Informal Information Resources Coordination with Experts

The Way Out? Use Knowledge Technology Knowledge Centres- a new facility to meet the national task Knowledge Technology Courses Methodology Knowing the Community Know the Sources of Knowledge Develop a Knowledge Centre

What is a Knowledge Centre Introduction An Extended Version of a Modern Library. Imparts Appropriate Knowledge to Every User Collaborates with Knowledge Experts Uses Computer and Communication Technologies Collects Local Knowledge Resources Links to National Knowledge Resources, and International Knowledge Resources Culls Out Appropriate Knowledge from Current and Old Resources Makes Users Surveys Matches Resources with Users Needs

What is a Knowledge Centre(contd.) How to Convert a Library into a Knowledge Centre Bring Users and Experts Together Provide Access to National and Global Resources Develop Knowledge Repositories Manage Content in Full-text Form Arrange Cataloguing and Indexing of Resources using International Standards Capture Knowledge Give Links to Useful Sites Make the Knowledge Centre as a One-stop Centre

What does a Knowledge Centre do? Develops Collections on Important Subjects Creates Databases Develops Catalogues Database of Experts Links with Resources Captures Knowledge Disseminates Knowledge Trains Users etc.

Models of Knowledge Centres Specialised On a Chosen Subject On the Activities of an Institution Etc. General In Rural Settings In Urban Settings In Industrial Settings For Literate Users For Illiterate Users, Etc.

Organisation of Knowledge in Knowledge Centres Knowledge Organisation System (KOS) Is different in different knowledge Centres. The characteristics include: The materials are in the digital form; Access facility to be user friendly. Generally include: The approaches taken for offering good retrieval facility include: An overview of the documents Browsing Searching using subject headings Use of questions Use of classification scheme Use of thesaurus etc.

Organisation of Knowledge in Knowledge Centres The three general categories under which these systems may be grouped Subjects and their relationships with other subjects such as Subject Headings; Classification Schemes, Taxonomies, and Categorization Schemes Terms and their connections with concepts such as Thessauri, Semantic Networks and Ontologies Lists of terms with meanings such as authority files; glossaries, dictionaries and gazetteers

Organisation of Knowledge in Knowledge Centres The KOS imposes a particular view of the world on a collection and the items in it. The same entity can be characterized in different ways, depending on the KOS that is used. There must be sufficient commonality between the concept expressed in a KOS and the real-world object to which that concept refers that a knowledgeable person could apply the system with reasonable reliability. Likewise, a person seeking relevant material by using a KOS must be able to connect his or her concept with its representation in the system.

Organisation of Knowledge in Knowledge Centres Some examples are given to show how Knowledge Centre information is presented to users

Transport Research Knowledge Centre Knowledge is organized by: Projects & Analysis 7069 projects funded in 30 countries The projects have been classified by: Subject areas, to permit simple search facilities and appropriate policy analysis. Projects have been categorised according to a multi-dimensional thematic structure, divided into five areas (sector, geographic, modes, policy objectives and tools) resulting in 30 transport themes.

Transport Research Knowledge Centre Sectors:PassengerSectors:Passenger,FreightFreight Geographic:Geographic: Urban, Rural, Regional, Long-distance, EU accession issuesUrbanRuralRegionalLong-distanceEU accession issues Modes:Modes: Air, Rail, Road (incl.walking and cycling), Waterborne, Intermodal freight transport, Innovative modesAirRailRoad (incl.walking and cycling)WaterborneIntermodal freight transportInnovative modes Policy Objectives:Policy Objectives: Economic aspects, Efficiency, Equity and accessibility, Environmental aspects, Safety and security, User aspectsEconomic aspectsEfficiencyEquity and accessibilityEnvironmental aspectsSafety and securityUser aspects Tools:Tools: Decision-support tools, Financing tools, Information and awareness, Infrastructure provision (incl.TENs), Integration and policy development, Intelligent Transport Systems, Land-use planning, Pricing and taxation, Regulation / deregulation, Transport management, Vehicle technologyDecision-support toolsFinancing toolsInformation and awarenessInfrastructure provision (incl.TENs)Integration and policy developmentIntelligent Transport SystemsLand-use planningPricing and taxationRegulation / deregulationTransport management

Best Management Practice Knowledge Centre A comprehensive source of best practice information. A wide-ranging approach: from articles by the worldwide Best Practice Community right though to features, book reviews and news of forthcoming publications. Sources are classified by: Best Management Practice TV - workshops, seminars, Vodcast series, launches etc. Best Practice Guidance Quality Assurance For Authors – Publishing Opportunities Events Best Practice Users Reviews

Northern Territory Library, Australia has 33 public library sites in the Territory The Public Libraries and Knowledge Centres (PLKC) provides support of library services provided by municipal and shire councils and remote schools. In all there are situated in isolated and remote Indigenous communities. A key feature of the Libraries and Knowledge Centres program is the local Our Story database which provides access to cultural and historical resources about each community.

Lodi Public Library, Lodi, California Knowledge Center and Reference Databases Gives access to: Infotrac, full-text magazines, journals, reference sources, video and audio clips,etc. ReferenceUSA contains information on more than 12 million U.S. businesses; 102 million U.S. residents; and 683,000 U.S. health care providers. Library Booklists All Data (Vehicle Repair) Learning Express - interactive online learning platform Career Resources Tuition Funding Sources the largest scholarship database in the world

The mission of the Miami Public Library is: to meet the needs of the public as a High-Interest Materials Library, to serve as a Knowledge Center and to keep the staff well-trained and service-oriented

Elizabeth Public Library in New Jersey now offers Knowledge Center facilities access to electronic resources subjectwise Electronic Commerce-- All Ecommerce ( ) etc Marketing & Advertising-- University of Texas Advertising world ( ) Etc. International Business-- Background Notes Forbes The International 800 ( ) Real Estate Apartments.com

The Canadian Council on Learning is a catalyst for lifelong learning Manages the following Knowledge Centres Aboriginal learning Adult learning Early childhood learning Health and learning Work and learning Dec. 14, 2010

World Public Library E-books Added 250,000 new titles to the collection last year. WPL now has 750,000 eBook titles! You can judge an eBook by it cover. Images of the covers now appear in the search results. WPL Audio eBooks RSS integration World eBook Fair 3.5 million FREE eBooks One Million Download per day!! (

The Lessons The following approaches need to be adopted in the development of a Knowledge Centre The Resources Knowledge Adds Value to a Library Skilled Knowledge Knowledge Assets Creating and Maintaining the Knowledge Map Develop the Means for Libraries to Store/Facilitate Access All Knowledge Sources Select Content Add Value to the Content as an Ongoing System Package Knowledge for Every User Information Resources Available in Different Languages be Tapped

The Lesson Packaging of Knowledge Quantifying the Knowledge Needs of Users Tacit Knowledge Environment of Sharing Knowledge Right to Acquire Desired Knowledge Global Research R. & D. Results Knowledge Production and Dissemination Fee for Accessing Knowledge

Knowledge Society Discoveries Appropriate Knowledge Low Cost Deliveries of Knowledge Knowledge-driven Economy Small-scale Individual Enterprises Obsolescence of Technology Expansion of the Market Activities Learning of Skills Knowledge-driven Society

Organise your own pattern of knowledge! Mark Twain: The man who does not read books has no advantage over the man who can not read. Can we say? The man who uses new knowledge has a greater advantage over the man who is stuck only to the old knowledge Therefore: Bridge the old knowledge with the new knowledge and create your own pattern of knowledge!