Historic Supreme Court Cases Review

1. Slaves could not sue in federal courts because they were considered property and not citizens. Congress could not force new states to be slave or free states it was a reserved power. Constitutional Issue: Reserved powers

2. Freedom of Speech could be limited during times of war if it presented a “clear and present danger” to the country. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of speech

3. Outlawed prayer in public schools because they violated the establishment clause. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of religion

4. School attendance laws violated freedom of religion by forcing Amish citizens to learn against their wills. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of religion

5. The death penalty is constitutional if it is used for a crime that fits the penalty and factors other than race should be used. Constitutional Issue: 8th amendment; cruel and unusual punishment.

6. The death penalty is unconstitutional if it can not be proven that factors other than race were used. Constitutional Issue: 8th amendment; cruel and unusual punishment

7. This case ruled that the judicial branch had the power to review a law to see if it was constitutional (judicial review) The constitutional issue: Judicial Review

8. Affirmative Action is constitutional for college admissions as long as race is not the only factor used for admission Constitutional Issue: 14th amendment; equal protection of the law

9. Law officials must notify accused persons of their rights when they are taken into custody. Constitutional Issue: 5th amendment; self-incrimination.

10. Declared that state laws requiring the separation of races was constitutional as long as the states provided “separate but equal” facilities. Constitutional Issue: Reserved Powers

11. Evidence obtained by law officials in “good faith” is still admissible (usable) in court even if a search warrant shouldn’t have been issued. Constitutional Issue: 4th amendment – searches and seizures

12. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and therefore outlawed segregation in public schools. Constitutional Issue: 14th amendment; equal protection of the laws.

13. State governments can not tax an agency of the federal government and the national bank is constitutional. Constitutional Issue: Supremacy Clause

14. School officials only have to have “reasonable cause” to search students suspected of crimes on school grounds and do not need a search warrant to do so. Constitutional Issue: 4th amendment; searches and seizures

15. Student’s rights to freedom of speech can not be limited when they do not disrupt the learning process in schools. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of expression

16. States can not regulate interstate trade because it is a power given to the federal government by the Constitution. Constitutional Issue: Expressed powers, Supremacy Clause

17. Flag burning was constitutionally protected as a means of free expression. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of expression.

18. Freedom of assembly could not be dismissed as disturbing the peace in order to break-up a protest. 1st amendment; freedom of assembly.

19.States did not have to provide an attorney in criminal cases unless the accused person was on trial for a capital crime or there were special circumstances, such as illiteracy. Constitutional Issue: 6th amendment, right to an attorney

20. Freedom of religion was constitutionally protected, but religious practices could not break the law. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of religion.

21. The government can not limit freedom of the press for information that was given to newspapers voluntarily, if it does not violate national security. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of press

22. The government could limit the freedom of citizens during times of war. Therefore the prison camps for Japanese Americans did not violate the Constitution. Constitutional Issue: 5th and 6th amendments; Expressed powers

23. State laws barring abortion are unconstitutional that ban abortions prior to the time that the baby can live without the mother. Constitutional Issue: 9th amendment; right to privacy.

24. States must follow the fourth amendment when gathering evidence and upheld the “exclusionary rule”, that evidence obtained illegally is not admissible in court. Constitutional Issue: 4th amendment; searches and seizures

25. The president can not use “executive privilege” to protect himself, but only for matters that affect national security. Constitutional Issue: Checks and Balances

26. Law officials not only had to have a search warrant to enter a home, but evidence obtained without a warrant was inadmissible in court, the “exclusionary rule” Constitutional Issue: 4th amendment; exclusionary rule.

27. States must provide an attorney in all criminal cases even if the accused can not afford one. Constitutional Issue: 6th amendment; right to an attorney.

28. Schools do not violate the first amendment by controlling the content of school newspapers. 1st amendment; freedom of the press

29. Students freedom of speech can be limited at school if it causes a disruption and when needed. Constitutional Issue: 1st amendment; freedom of speech

1. Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857) upload.wikimedia.org www.phschool.com

2. Schenk v. United States (1919) www.cartoonstock.com www.airforce-magazine.com

3. Engel v. Vitale (1962) www2.maxwell.syr.edu www.mindspring.com

4. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) fairhillchristianschool.org www.afterimage.com/tice1snowl.jpg fairhillchristianschool.org

5. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) whiteesworkshop.com/images/electric_chair.bmp methink.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/death-pen...

6. Furman v. Georgia (1972) http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/T5OSZTgPf9K www.hrdc.net http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/T5OSZTgPf9K

7. Marbury v. Madison (1803) http://knowledgenews.net/moxie/moxiepix/a1175.jpg

8. Univ. of California v. Bakke (1978) http://www.landmarkcases.org/bakke/images/clown_cartoon.gif http://blogs.cqpolitics.com/trailmix/affirmative%20action%20cartoon.jpg

9. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0019.gif http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/dnn/images/crimpro/cartoon3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/dnn/quiz/crimpro/cartoon.htm&h=329&w=289&sz=19&hl=en&start=8&usg=__Uc02gEIRq9ZRdFkj8vkOFCOP21o=&tbnid=Y6ej5CQAsjFXcM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=105&prev=/images%3Fq%3DGideon%2Bv.%2BWainwright%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

10. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) http://www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/images/plessy.jpg http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/weblect/lec02/plessy2.jpg

11. U.S. v. Leon (1984) http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0038.gif http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0033.gif

12. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) http://www.stus.com/images/products/con0002.gif www.library.uiuc.edu/edx/brown_image.jpg

13. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) www.upgradetravelbetter.com/.../09/money.jpg www.route50.com

14. New Jersey v. TLO (1985) http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/march2007/march2007leb_img_23.jpg http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2007/march2007/march2007leb_img_24.jpg

15. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) arun.ampli5.org/.../02/college-discipline.jpg schema-root.org/region/americas/north_america

16. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) http://www.stus.com/images/products/con0072.gif http://www.stus.com/images/products/con0087.gif

17. Texas v. Johnson (1989) http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51PP33KCVVL._SL500_AA240_.jpg http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall01/gause/TvJ.jpg

18. Gregory v. Chicago (1969) http://www.morningstarportland.org/images/library/dick_gregory_photo.jpg http://www.elcivics.com/images/rights-freedom-of-assembly.jpg

19. Betts v. Brady (1942) http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0076.gif http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0001.gif

20. Reynolds v. U.S. (1879) http://i57.photobucket.com/albums/g234/Andrightlyso/polygamy.gif http://www.duhaime.org/Portals/duhaime/images/polygamy.jpg

21. NY Times v. U.S. (1971) http://www.topsecretplay.org/images/courtsimage002.jpg

22. Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) http://www.oac.cdlib.org/affiliates/images/casjhsj/kt3q2nc5sd/hi-res/SVHO2004-0811.jpg http://jdhilmer.com/Brandon/images/korematsu.gif

23. Roe v. Wade (1973) http://rlv.zazzle.com/i_survived_roe_vs_wade_shirt-p2353865425706027958bx_400.jpg http://www.jaxnow.org/images/Roe_v_Wade1.jpg

24. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0015.gif http://www.claybennett.com/images/archivetoons2/donut.jpg

25. U.S. v. Nixon (1974) http://www.stus.com/images/products/con0092.gif allsupremecourtcases.com/i/scc/img0083.jpg

26. Weeks v. United States (1914) http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0033.gif http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mba/lowres/mban2094l.jpg

27. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) http://www.stus.com/images/products/cpr0012.gif http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/images/gideon.jpg

28. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) http://www.stus.com/images/products/con0063.gif http://www.jideas.org/images/HazelwoodSpectrum.gif

29. Bethel v. Fraser (1986) http://www.mylifetime.com/files/images/sex%20shirt%20scandal.jpg http://img.timeinc.net/time/daily/2007/0705/lschoolsuits_0521.jpg