Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis: Inducing the growth of new blood vessels and wound healing by stimulation of bone marrow–derived progenitor cell mobilization.

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Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis: Inducing the growth of new blood vessels and wound healing by stimulation of bone marrow–derived progenitor cell mobilization and homing Omaida C. Velazquez, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 45, Issue 6, Pages A39-A47 (June 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.068 Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The murine femoral ligation model. A, Exposure of femoral neurovascular bundle. B, Dissection of the femoral vein and nerve away from the artery with selective femoral artery ligation/excision in FVB mouse. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, A39-A47DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.068) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) recruited to wounds. A, The model. B, Delay in healing in ischemic wound (IW) vs rapid healing in nonischemic wound (NIW). C, Wound closure rates (n = 7 per time point) are shown with mean ± standard error in ischemic (triangles) and nonischemic (squares) wounds. D, Quantification of EPCs in wounds (ischemic, diamonds; nonischemic, triangle) and underlying muscle (nonischemic, squares; ischemic, plain) shows increased EPCs in acutely healing nonischemic wounds at days 3 and 7 (data presented as mean ± standard error). E, F, Representative wounds at day 3 (EPCs are β-Gal+ cells seen staining blue). G, EPCs per high power fields (HPF) in wound, underlying muscle, adjacent skin, and remote skin at day 3 after wounding (data presented as mean ± standard error). (Data and modified figure reprinted with permission from Bauer et al.14) Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, A39-A47DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.068) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 A, Scatter-plots and histograms for stem cell antigen-1(Sca-1)/CD34-expressing cells in peripheral blood from an air-exposed, control mouse; a mouse sacrificed 16 hours after exposure to 2.4 ATA O2 for 90 minutes, and a mouse first injected with the nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 40 mg/kg), 30 minutes before exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) and killed 16 hours after exposure. Histograms exhibit cells from three quadrants of the scatter diagrams, excluding only those cells in the lower left quadrant. Plots were gated for small lymphocytes and scans were obtained by counting 50,000 gated events. B, Mean elevations of CD34+ and Sca-1+ cells in peripheral circulation of mice. Data are mean ± standard error for control mice, immediately after exposure to HBO2 at 2.4 ATA for 90 minutes, at 16 hours post-HBO2, and in mice first injected with L-NAME before HBO2. The number of mice included in each group are indicated by (n) in the columns, *P < .05 (analysis of variance). Data and modified figure reprinted with permission from Thom et al.32 RPE, R-phycoerythrinis; FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, A39-A47DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.068) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Colony-forming cell (CFC) capacity of monocytes from blood with or without hyperbaric oxygen treatment as designated. Mice were sacrificed 16 hours after hyperbaric oxygen exposure for 90 minutes (n =5 mice/group. *P < .05 (analysis of variance. L-NAME; NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. (Data and modified figure reprinted with permission from Thom et al.32) Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, A39-A47DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.068) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Flow cytometry data from one patient before and after the first and 10th hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment. Similar results were observed in other patients and in ischemic and diabetic murine models.32-34 Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, A39-A47DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.068) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions