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The effect of gradual or acute arterial occlusion on skeletal muscle blood flow, arteriogenesis, and inflammation in rat hindlimb ischemia  Gale L. Tang,

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Presentation on theme: "The effect of gradual or acute arterial occlusion on skeletal muscle blood flow, arteriogenesis, and inflammation in rat hindlimb ischemia  Gale L. Tang,"— Presentation transcript:

1 The effect of gradual or acute arterial occlusion on skeletal muscle blood flow, arteriogenesis, and inflammation in rat hindlimb ischemia  Gale L. Tang, MD, David S. Chang, MD, Rajabrata Sarkar, MD, PhD, Rong Wang, PhD, Louis M. Messina, MD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages (February 2005) DOI: /j.jvs Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2 Fig 1 Hindlimb ischemia induced gradually leads to delayed foot and calf blood flow recovery as determined by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and persistent deficits in gastrocnemius tissue oxygen tension. Blood flow is expressed as the ratio of the averaged laser Doppler perfusion flux values of the left (ischemic) over the right (nonischemic) foot (A) or calf (B) region. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was performed pre-operatively, postoperatively, and every 3-4 days afterward out to 40-days postoperatively. C, Tissue oxygen tension (po2) was measured in the right and left gastrocnemius muscles of rats anesthetized by pentobarbital at 3, 14, and 40 days postoperatively. The left-right ratio of gastrocnemius muscle oxygen tension correlated with the laser Doppler perfusion ratio and was lower in the rats that underwent gradual arterial occlusion than in the rats that underwent acutely arterial occlusion (0.61 ± 0.06 vs 0.81 ± 0.05 respectively, *P < .05 vs acutely induced ischemia group, n = 6 rats per group.) Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs ) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3 Fig 2 Chronic ischemia does not alter muscle architecture or induce an inflammatory cell infiltrate. A, Hematoxylin and eosin stained frozen sections of tibialis anterior muscle harvested from rats that underwent arterial occlusion acutely or gradually. Other than mild perivascular edema at postoperative day 14, no changes in muscular architecture were seen in the chronic ischemia group. B, Pie graph demonstrating the percentage of tissue fibrosis seen in tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GA) muscle sections harvested at postoperative day 40 after acute ischemia. No fibrosis was seen in any muscle sections from the chronic ischemia group (n = 3 rats per group). C, Tibialis anterior (TA) and Gastrocnemius (GA) muscle weights after sacrifice (n = 6 rats per group). Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs ) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4 Fig 3 Chronic ischemia leads to similar collateral artery angioscore but smaller diameter collateral arteries than does acute ischemia. A, Representative angiograms on postoperative day 40 of rats that underwent arterial occlusion acutely or gradually. Vessel diameters are larger for rats that underwent acute arterial occlusion. B, Angioscores at postoperative days 3, 14, and 40 (n = 3 rats per group per time point). C, Gastrocnemius capillary (CAP) counts (left panel) and capillary-to-muscle fiber (MF) ratios (right panel) at postoperative days 3, 14, and 40 for rats that underwent arterial occlusion acutely or gradually. Unoperated gastrocnemius capillary count or capillary-muscle fiber ratio is shown for comparison (*P < .05 vs unoperated, #P < .05 vs acute, n = 3 rats per group per time point). Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs ) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

5 Fig 4 Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the gastrocnemius and gracilis muscles differ after the induction of acute or chronic ischemia. Results are presented for the left calf gastrocnemius (GC) muscle (left panel), and the left thigh gracilis (Gr) muscle (right panel) in A, B, and C. A,VEGF levels decreased after the induction of acute ischemia (*P < .05 vs control muscle from unoperated rats, #P < .05 vs acute ischemia group, n = 3 rats per group per time point). B, IL-1β levels are higher after the induction of acute ischemia than after chronic ischemia (*P < 0.05 vs control muscle from unoperated rats, n = 3 rats per group per time point). C, IL-6 level trended higher after the induction of acute ischemia but this was not statistically significant. Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs ) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

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