Observations and Modeling of Atomic/Molecular Composition in the Thermosphere Stan Solomon1, Richard Eastes2, William McClintock2, Yongliang Zhang3, and.

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Observations and Modeling of Atomic/Molecular Composition in the Thermosphere Stan Solomon1, Richard Eastes2, William McClintock2, Yongliang Zhang3, and Larry Paxton3 1High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research 2Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado 3Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting • Washington, D.C. • 10 December 2018

The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk Mission GOLD is an ultraviolet imaging spectrograph that measures the temperature, composition, and electron content of the terrestrial upper atmosphere from geostationary orbit.

Image Cube Simulation Disk Image Detector Image

GOLD Spectral Imaging Disk Image Detector Image

GOLD Spectrum, ~noon, ~nadir, Compared to Model “1356” “LBH”

Atomic Oxygen 135.6 and N2 LBH Emission Imaging 12 LT 17 LT LBH

O 135.6 to N2 LBH Emission Brightness Ratio 12 LT 17 LT

A Day in the Life of 135.6 / LBH (1 Nov. 2018)

Comparison with Airglow Model 12 LT 17 LT

Comparison to “Constant Atmosphere” Model 12 LT 17 LT

Comparison with TIMED/GUVI

Can we see the Equinox-to-Solstice Transition? 30 September 2018 28 October 2018 13 November 2018

Another Infamous Geomagnetic Storm on a Minor Holiday Top Ten Unexpected Effects of the Guy Fawkes Day Storm, 5 November 2018: 10. Freak geomagnetic storm during solar minimum stuns ionospheric physicists 9. Kp index reaches 6, overflowing arrays on NOAA SWPC mainframe abacus 8. Aurora visible in the contiguous US, as far south as Fargo, North Dakota 7. Lights go out all across Quebec, starting around 12 UT 6. Town in North Ontario left helpless 5. Airplane bound for Denver lands in Colorado Springs 4. Uber drivers sleepless in Seattle 3. Magnetic field deviance causes hilarity and minor vandalism in the UK 2. Changes in thermospheric composition observed by the NASA GOLD mission 1. Pigeons flying around in circles near National Mall, Washington, DC Top Ten Unexpected Effects of the Guy Fawkes Day Storm, 5 November 2018: 10. Freak geomagnetic storm during solar minimum stuns ionospheric physicists 9. Kp index reaches 6, overflowing arrays on NOAA SWPC mainframe abacus 8. Aurora visible in the contiguous US, as far south as Fargo, North Dakota 7. Lights go out all across Quebec, starting around 12 UT 6. Town in North Ontario left helpless 5. Airplane bound for Denver lands in Colorado Springs 4. Uber drivers sleepless in Seattle 3. Magnetic field deviance causes hilarity and minor vandalism in the UK 2. Changes in thermospheric composition observed by the NASA GOLD mission 1. Pigeons flying around in circles near National Mall, Washington, DC

Composition Disturbances during the November 5th Storm

Conclusions • GOLD is working great. • The most exciting results so far are the night ionosphere observations, but, • Daytime composition looks good too, although it will require some interpretation • Equinox-solstice transition seen on a global scale • Even a minor geomagnetic disturbance causes global composition change • Temperatures, limb scans, occultations, coming soon http://gold.cs.ucf.edu

More GOLD This Monday afternoon: Session SA13A, (1:40 – 3:40 PM), Convention Center – 202B • SA13A-02: Science on Communications Satellites: Observing Earth from Geostationary Orbit – William E. McClintock Session SA13B, (1:40 – 6:00 PM), Convention Center – Hall A-C • SA13B-2769: Heat flow from the upper to the lower thermosphere – Alan G. Burns Tomorrow Tuesday morning: Session SA21A (8:00 AM – 12:20 PM), Convention Center – Hall A-C • SA21A-3169 GOLD: Overview of O/N2 and QEUV Science Data Products – John Correira, et al. • SA21A-3170 Initial Measurements of Thermospheric O2 Density Profiles from GOLD – Jerry D. Lumpe, et al. • SA21A-3171 GOLD: Overview of Daytime Exospheric Temperature Science Data Product – Victoir Veibell, et al. • SA21A-3172 GOLD: Overview of Daytime Neutral Temperature Science Data Product – J. Scott Evans, et al. • SA21A-3175: Thermospheric Temperature Profiles from GOLD Disk Images and Applications – Clayton Cantrall, et al.