1. Altitude (km) January Global AverageTemperature (K) Pressure (hPa) With O( 3 P) Cooling WACCM-X The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model – eXtended (WACCM-X) is a comprehensive numerical global model of the Earth’s atmosphere spanning a vertical range from the surface to the upper thermosphere. See Liu et al., 2010 for full description Currently under development in the High Altitude Observatory (HAO), along with the Atmosphere Chemistry Observations and Modeling (ACOM) Laboratory and the Climate and Global Dynamics (CGD) Laboratory, at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. Atmospheric component option of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and based on the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Standard resolution: Horizontal: 1.9 o x 2.5 o latitude x longitude, Vertical: ½ scale height, Temporal: 5 minute time step with ion transport and neutral dynamics sub-stepping at ~1 minute WACCM-X The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model – eXtended (WACCM-X) is a comprehensive numerical global model of the Earth’s atmosphere spanning a vertical range from the surface to the upper thermosphere. See Liu et al., 2010 for full description Currently under development in the High Altitude Observatory (HAO), along with the Atmosphere Chemistry Observations and Modeling (ACOM) Laboratory and the Climate and Global Dynamics (CGD) Laboratory, at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. Atmospheric component option of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and based on the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Standard resolution: Horizontal: 1.9 o x 2.5 o latitude x longitude, Vertical: ½ scale height, Temporal: 5 minute time step with ion transport and neutral dynamics sub-stepping at ~1 minute The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model – eXtended (WACCM-X): Current Development and Future Plans Joe McInerney, Ben Foster, Stan Solomon, Hanli Liu, Chris Fischer, Liying Qian, Wenbin Wang, Art Richmond, Astrid Maute, Gang Lu, Mike Wiltberger NCAR/HAO Dan Marsh NCAR/ACOM Summary Current ongoing improvements to WACCM-X: Energetics to produce electron and ion temperature and thermal electron heating Low latitude electrodynamics solver producing realistic vertical and horizontal ion drifts Ion transport producing realistic O+ density Higher vertical resolution and model top Planned future improvements to WACCM-X include: High latitude electrodynamics and aurora O+ transport on electrodynamics geomagnetic grid Data assimilation with DART Couple to plasmasphere and magnetosphere models Transition to new improved dynamical core Higher horizontal and vertical resolution simulations Summary Current ongoing improvements to WACCM-X: Energetics to produce electron and ion temperature and thermal electron heating Low latitude electrodynamics solver producing realistic vertical and horizontal ion drifts Ion transport producing realistic O+ density Higher vertical resolution and model top Planned future improvements to WACCM-X include: High latitude electrodynamics and aurora O+ transport on electrodynamics geomagnetic grid Data assimilation with DART Couple to plasmasphere and magnetosphere models Transition to new improved dynamical core Higher horizontal and vertical resolution simulations References Liu, H.-L., et al. (2010), Thermosphere extension of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A12302, doi:10.1029/2010JA015586. Sherliess, L., and B. G. Fejer (1999), Radar and satellite global equatorial F region vertical drift model, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A4), 6829-6842, doi:10.1029/1999JA900025. Liu, H.-L., et al. (2014), Gravity waves simulated by high resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 9106-9112, doi:10.1002/2014GL062468. References Liu, H.-L., et al. (2010), Thermosphere extension of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A12302, doi:10.1029/2010JA015586. Sherliess, L., and B. G. Fejer (1999), Radar and satellite global equatorial F region vertical drift model, J. Geophys. Res., 104(A4), 6829-6842, doi:10.1029/1999JA900025. Liu, H.-L., et al. (2014), Gravity waves simulated by high resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 9106-9112, doi:10.1002/2014GL062468. Current Development – Ion-Electron Transport Current Development – Ion-Electron Transport With T e /T i Increase ~175-200K Without T e /T i TITI TeTe Thermal electron heating increases thermosphere neutral temperature Implement solver for electron and ion temperature O( 3 P) cooling gives ~30-50K decrease in thermosphere neutral temperature January 14 Global Average Temperature (K) Pressure (hPa) Altitude (km) January Global Average Temperature (K) Pressure (hPa) Verification/validation of current developments Higher model top and increase vertical resolution Aurora and high latitude electrodynamics and coupling to lower latitudes Switch to the newer Spectral Element (SE) dynamical core with same ~1 o horizontal resolution Cubed sphere horizontal grid avoids pole problem Geomagnetic grid for ion transport and electrodynamo Upper boundary hydrogen flux and add helium Increase horizontal resolution using current Finite Volume (FV) dynamical core From ~2 o (~200km) to ~1 o (~100km) Increase WACCM-X SE horizontal/vertical resolution Started with running a higher resolution version of WACCM (GRL article, Liu et al., 2014) 0.25 o (~25km) horizontal resolution, 1/10 scale height vertical resolution – realistic gravity wave signatures in lower thermosphere and improved tides GWs from deep convection GWs from stratospheric jet GWs from orography (or breaking OGWs) GW breaking Current Development – Low Latitude Electrodynamics Ion Drifts - Global VerticalZonal Ion Drifts - Equator WACCM-XTIE-GCM F-region Ionosphere, March Equinox WACCM-X Electric Dynamo Dynamics Column Physics Column Physics d-  Coupler O + Transport O + Transport magnetic coordinates  i v i  n  i v n T n T i T e E geographic coordinates n i, v i  n v n T n P i L i WACCM-X Electric Dynamo Dynamics Column Physics Column Physics d-  Coupler Coordinate Transform Ionosphere- Plasmasphere mag coords Coordinate Transform Next-Generation Coupling Structure Plasmasphere model coupling TnTn Without O( 3 P) Cooling Scherliess & Fejer, 1999 T(DW1)(K) Jan WACCM - Max ~16-18 K SABER - Max ~12-15 K WACCM Temperature Migrating Diurnal Tide (DW1) January Longitude Local Time January Longitude Latitude