Napoleon Forges an Empire Section-3 Napoleon Forges an Empire Napoleon Bonaparte, a military genius, seizes power in France and makes himself emperor.

Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy, gaining popularity Napoleon Seizes Power Section-3 Early Life Napoleon Bonaparte—born in Corsica, attends military school, joins army Hero In 1795, Napoleon defeats royalist rebels who were attacking the National Convention Napoleon wins stunning victories in Italy, gaining popularity News of his defeats in Egypt is suppressed

Coup d'état This ends the French Revolutionary Period. In November 1799, he carries out coup d’état—seizure of power This ends the French Revolutionary Period. Napoleon defeats British, Russians, Austrians who join forces against him Section-3 Napoleon Forges an Empire Napoleon Seizes Power

New constitution is approved through plebiscite—vote of the people Napoleon Rules France Vote of Approval New constitution is approved through plebiscite—vote of the people This constitution gave all real power to Napoleon

Restoring Order at Home To fix economy, he sets up national banking system, efficient tax collection Establishes lycées—government-run public schools to train officials Signs concordat—agreement—with pope restoring Catholicism in France Creates Napoleonic Code—uniform system of laws

Napoleon Crowned as Emperor Napoleon Rules France Napoleon Crowned as Emperor In December 1804, Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France

Loss of American Territories Napoleon Creates an Empire Loss of American Territories In 1801, Napoleon attempts to retake colony of Saint Domingue but fails Gives up on the Americas and concentrates on Europe Sells the Louisiana Territory to United States for $15 million in 1803 Continued…

Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden join forces against Napoleon Conquering Europe Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden join forces against Napoleon Napoleon crushes enemy forces in several brilliant battles Napoleon forces Austria, Russia, Sweden to sign peace treaties Continued…

The Battle of Trafalgar In 1805, British win Battle of Trafalgar—ensures British naval superiority Horatio Nelson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KdYhiNZS_w T-boned them. Melee ensued. This defeat forces Napoleon to give up plan of invading Britain What is Britain’s best defense?

France vs. Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden The French Empire Napoleon wins Battle of Austerlitz Dec. 2, 1805 France vs. Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden

The French Empire Napoleon controls Europe except for Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Ottomans Has puppet rulers in some countries, alliances with others French Empire reaches largest extent from 1807 to 1812

Arc de Triomphe honors those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zJogiqfKRU

http://www.biography.com/people/napoleon-9420291

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Section-4 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Napoleon’s conquests aroused nationalistic feelings across Europe and contributed to his downfall.

The Continental System Section-4 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes The Continental System Napoleon strikes Britain through blockade—forced closing of ports Continental System—economic plan to strengthen Europe, weaken Britain Smugglers and uncooperative allies make France’s blockade fail Continued…

The Continental System Section-4 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes The Continental System Britain responds with blockade of its own, led by its stronger navy Americans fight Britain in War of 1812; war does no major damage to Britain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VL7XS_8qgXM Continued…

The war resolved many issues which remained from the American Revolutionary War but involved no boundary changes. The United States declared war on June 18, 1812, for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by the British war with France, the impressment of US merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support for Native American tribes against European American expansion, outrage over insults to national honor after humiliations on the high seas, and possible US interest in annexing British territory. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VL7XS_8qgXM

Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued} The Peninsular War Napoleon sends troops across Spain to attack Portugal, causing protest Napoleon makes his brother king of Spain, making things worse Continued…

British aid Spanish guerrillas The Peninsular War Spanish fight as guerrillas—small groups that attacked and then disappear British aid Spanish guerrillas Napoleon loses 300,000 soldiers during this Peninsular War Nationalist rebels fight the French in other conquered territories Continued…

Relations with Russia break down, Napoleon decides to invade Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued} The Invasion of Russia Relations with Russia break down, Napoleon decides to invade In June 1812, Napoleon’s army marches into Russia with 420,000 men

Russians use scorched-earth policy—destroying crops and livestock Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued} The Invasion of Russia Russians use scorched-earth policy—destroying crops and livestock In September 1812, Russians fell back after Battle of Borodino, and gave Moscow to Napoleon.

Napoleon finds Moscow abandoned and burning Napoleon‘s Costly Mistakes {continued} The Invasion of Russia Napoleon finds Moscow abandoned and burning Napoleon retreats, losing thousands of soldiers to raids & cold weather

Napoleon Suffers Defeat Napoleon‘s Downfall {continued} Napoleon Suffers Defeat Britain, Prussia, Sweden, Russia, Austria join forces against Napoleon Napoleon raises another army, but meets quick defeat by allied powers Napoleon finally surrenders and is exiled to island of Elba

Napoleon‘s Downfall {continued} The Hundred Days Louis XVIII, new king, is soon overthrown and Napoleon returns from exile Waterloo—British & Prussian forces defeat Napoleon’s army Napoleon met his Waterloo at Waterloo. Examples of “meeting one’s Waterloo” Duke of Wellington This defeat ends Hundred Days—Napoleon’s last attempt at power

Klemens von Metternich: Austrian Prime Minister The Congress of Vienna Section-5 After exiling Napoleon, European leaders at the Congress of Vienna try to restore order and reestablish peace after 25 years of almost continual war. Klemens von Metternich: Austrian Prime Minister

The Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved on August 6th 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor Francis I abdicated, following a military defeat by Napoleon at Austerlitz.

Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed Switzerland made independent Section-5 The Congress of Vienna Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Problem #1: The Containment of France: surround France with stable countries Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed Switzerland made independent Continued…

Problem #1: The Containment of France Section-5 The Congress of Vienna Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Problem #1: The Containment of France Kingdom of Sardinia is strengthened by adding Genoa Continued…

Problem #1: The Containment of France Section-5 The Congress of Vienna Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Problem #1: The Containment of France Austria dominates new German Confederation of 39 German states Continued…

Problem #2: Balance of Power: no country could threaten another The Congress of Vienna Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Section-5 Problem #2: Balance of Power: no country could threaten another Metternich wanted to restore Europe’s royal families to where they were before Napoleon. European powers weaken France but leave it mostly intact Continued…

Legitimacy—monarchs removed by Napoleon are returned to thrones Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Problem #3 Legitimacy: rightful rulers should be restored to their positions of power Legitimacy—monarchs removed by Napoleon are returned to thrones Leaders hope to restore order through these changes

Fair treatment=no more wars Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Legitimacy Congress of Vienna succeeds in getting all European governments together Fair treatment=no more wars

Legitimacy and Conservatism Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Legitimacy and Conservatism European nations agree to preserve peace, which lasts almost 40 years Not a world war until 1914: The Great War

Conservatism: belief in Tradition Institutions Aristocracy Metternich’s Plan for Europe {continued} Conservatism: belief in Tradition Institutions Aristocracy Conservatism: does not believe in: Liberal Reform (Enlightenment) Popular Government Nationalism

Holy Alliance—Russia, Prussia, Austria pledge to fight revolution Political Changes Beyond Vienna Conservative Europe Holy Alliance—Russia, Prussia, Austria pledge to fight revolution What does this mean?

GREAT BRITAIN did not participate in this. Political Changes Beyond Vienna Conservative Europe Concert of Europe—European nations pledge to help fight revolutions (maintain internal stability) GREAT BRITAIN did not participate in this.

Stability between states (countries) aka: External stability Political Changes Beyond Vienna Concert of Europe Stability between states (countries) aka: External stability

What does this liberalism mean? Political Changes Beyond Vienna Conservative Europe Conservative governments rule across Europe, but new ideas (liberalism) have impact What does this liberalism mean?

Revolutions in Latin America Political Changes Beyond Vienna Revolutions in Latin America Napoleon’s replacing king of Spain set off rebellions in Spanish America Many former colonies of Spain and Portugal gain independence

Britain and Prussia gain power Political Changes Beyond Vienna Long-Term Legacy Britain and Prussia gain power spreading nationalism leads to revolutions

Political Changes Beyond Vienna Metternich Rap Metternich Aristocracy Nationalists Liberals Coachman of Europe Talleyrand (fr) Keep order Censor the press Conservative order Holy Alliance: 39 German state confederation 1848 revolutions Like Trump builds walls