1. 23-4 “Napoleon’s Empire Collapses”

2. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes The Continental System Napoleon strikes Britain through blockade- forced closing of ports Continental System-economic plan to strengthen Europe, weaken Britain Smugglers and uncooperative allies make France’s blockade fail Britain responds with blockade of its own, led by stronger navy

3. The Continental System

4. Americans fight Britain in War of 1812; war does no major damage to Britain

5. Peninsular Campaign: 1807- 1810 e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!  Spain Portugal France  1806: Continental System

6. “The Spanish Ulcer” a Napoleon tricked the Spanish king and prince to come to France, where he imprisoned them. a He proclaimed his brother, Joseph, to be the new king of Spain. a He stationed over 100,000 Fr troops in Madrid. a On May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion. a Fr troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo]. a Napoleon tricked the Spanish king and prince to come to France, where he imprisoned them. a He proclaimed his brother, Joseph, to be the new king of Spain. a He stationed over 100,000 Fr troops in Madrid. a On May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion. a Fr troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].

7. The Peninsular War (Iberian) Napoleon sends troops across Spain to Portugal, causing protest Napoleon makes his brother king of Spain, making things worse Spanish fight as guerillas-small groups that attacked then disappear British aid Spanish guerillas Napoleon loses 300,000 soldiers during this Peninsular War Nationalist rebels fight the French in other conquered territories

8. “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

9. The Invasion of Russia Relations with Russia break down; Napoleon decides to invade In June, 1812, Napoleon’s army marches into Russia with 420,000 men Russians use scorched-earth policy-destroying crops, livestock In September 1812, Russians retreat from Moscow after Battle of Borodino Napoleon finds Moscow abandoned and burning Napoleon retreats, leaving thousand of soldiers to raids, cold weather

10. Moscow Is On Fire!

12. http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Suchodolski/Images/Berezyna.jpg Napoleon’s “Great Retreat” from Russia

13. Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

14. Napoleon’s Downfall Napoleon Suffers Defeat Britain, Prussia, Sweden, Russia, Austria join forces against France Napoleon raises another army, but meets quick defeat by allied powers Napoleon finally surrenders and is exiled to island of Elba, off the coast of Italy

15. Napoleon in Exile on Elba

16. Napoleon Abdicates! e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. e Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne. e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. e Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

18. The Hundred Days Louis XVIII, new king, is soon overthrown and Napoleon returns from exile Waterloo-British, Prussian forces defeat Napoleon’s army This defeat ends The Hundred Days- Napoleon’s last attempt at power Napoleon exiled to island of St. Helena, in South Atlantic Dies six years later

19. Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena

20. Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena

22. Napoleon’s Tomb

23. Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb June 28, 1940

24. Mistake #1 In 1806 Napoleon attempted to blockade British ports to hurt their economy. This Continental System was to make the continent more self sufficient. The British Navy put their own blockade around Europe which weakened Europe ’ s economy. Mistake #2 Napoleon made his brother King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish people were loyal to their own king. The peasant fighters called guerrillas fought against Napoleon in a war called The Peninsular War. The Collapse of Napoleon’s Empire Mistake #3 In 1812 Napoleon attempted to conquer Russia. The Russians retreated and followed a scorched-earth policy leaving no livestock or grain for the French Army. The onset of Winter, attacks and deserters left only 10,000 of the original 400,000 troops.