1. Napoleon & Congress of Vienna

2. Napoleon: Fun Facts Short-5’3”… “napoleon complex” Born in Corsica
One of the greatest military leaders in history
Love affair with Josephine
Not sure how he died. (May have been poisoned???)

3. Young Napoleon Sent to military school at age 9
At 16, finished & became lieutenant
When revolution breaks out, Napoleon joins new government

4. Napoleon the Hero 1795
Royalist rebels (favored the king) marched on National Convention
Napoleon defends the delegates in the government
Rebels run in panic & confusion
Becomes HERO!
Cheered throughout Paris as savior of French Republic

5. Early Military Successes 1796-1797
1796-Government appoints Napoleon to lead French army against Austria & Sardinia
Wins huge victories in Italy
1797-leads expedition to Egypt to disrupt British trade w/ India
Not successful, Navy defeated
Keeps stories of failures out of media
Still considered a great hero

6. COUP D’ETAT 1799 French government is weak
Napoleon’s friends encourage him to take power
His troops surround National Convention & drive out most lawmakers
Create a group of 3 Consuls (leaders), Napoleon is one
COUP D’ETAT=sudden seizure of power
Britain, Austria, & Russia join forces to drive Napoleon out of power
Napoleon leads the troops
Sign peace treaty w/ France
1st time for peace in 10 yrs

7. Taking Power & New Changes
At first, he pretends to be chosen leader of free republic
Plebiscite-vote of the people
Give all power to Napoleon (want strong leader)
Changes
Fix economy (efficient tax system)
End corruption in gov’t
Set up public schools
Establishes new relationship w/ church
Napoleonic Code
+ Law code & eliminated many injustices
- BUT focused on authority, not rights
More power for Napoleon
(no freedom on speech or press, reinstates slavery in colonies)

8. Louisiana Purchase 1803 2 reasons
Sold Louisiana Territory to President Jefferson for $15 million
2 reasons
Use $ to finance operations in Europe
Punish Britain (US becomes powerful)

9. NAPOLEON CROWNS HIMSELF EMPEROR - 1804
Decides to make himself Emperor of France
French people support him!
Takes crown from Pope & puts it on his own head
More powerful than the church

10. European Takeover Napoleon begins taking over parts of Europe
Annexed Netherlands & parts of Italy
Sets up puppet government in Switzerland
Britain is nervous so ask Russia, Austria, & Sweden to join forces
Napoleon crushes them!
Russia, Austria, Prussia forced to sign peace treaties
Napoleon builds the largest European empire since the Romans

11. Battle of Trafalgar 1805 Only major battle Napoleon lost
off Spanish coast, brilliant British Naval Commander Horatio Nelson destroys French navy
Guaranteed British navy would dominate over the next 100 yrs
*Napoleon gave up his plans to invade Britain

12. Continental System 1806 Set up blockade-forcing ports to close
Tries to cut off all trade & communication between Britain & Europe
Purpose to destroy British economy
Britain sets up its own blockade & had stronger navy to make it happen
Rerouted ships sailing for Europe into British ports, searched & taxed them
Continental System was unsuccessful & a mistake

13. Peninsular War 1808
To force Portugal to follow the Continental System, Napoleon sends an army though Spain.
Spanish people protest
Napoleon removes King of Spain from power & puts his brother on throne
Spanish are outraged!!!
Stirs Nationalism: pride in and loyalty to your country
Spanish guerrilla attacks against French troops
Britain sends troops to help Spanish
300,000 French troops lost
Severely weakens French military & eventually the empire

14. Invasion of Russia:1812 420,000 French soldiers march into Russia
Russian troops pull back
SCORCHED EARTH POLICY: burning everything to starve out enemy
Napoleon invades Moscow
Russians burn the city!
Napoleon stays in Moscow & retreats in winter (what!?!)
Russians mercilessly attack French army on their way out
Die of hunger, fighting, exhaustion, & cold
ONLY 10,000 MAKE IT OUT ALIVE!
French army is nearly destroyed

15. Napoleon: "Of the fifty battles I have fought, the most terrible was that before Moscow. The French showed themselves to be worthy victors, and the Russians can rightly call themselves invincible."

16. More Attacks
Britain, Russia, Sweden, & Prussia join forces to attack France
Napoleon raises new army
ill equipped & poorly trained
Battle of Leipzig
French army easily defeated
January 1814: armies marching on Paris
Napoleon wants to fight but generals refuse
April 1814: Napoleon surrenders & gives up throne
Exiled to island of Elba

17. The Hundred Days:1815 Louis XVI’s brother becomes King
quickly becomes unpopular
March 1815: Napoleon escapes Elba & lands in France
Crows welcome him back, thousands volunteer to join his army, become Emperor again

18. Battle of Waterloo: 1815
Allies quickly gather forces to put down Napoleon
Battle of Waterloo: Britain & Prussia defeat Napoleon
Napoleon’s last fight (“met his waterloo”)
Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena (Atlantic)
1821 dies of stomach ailment (cancer? poisoned?)

19. CONGRESS OF VIENNA Representatives & Goals
representatives from Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain, & France meet
Most powerful: Prince KLEMENS VON METTERNICH from Austria
Series of meetings for 8 months
Goal: TO CREATE A BALANCE OF POWER IN EUROPE

20. Actions Taken New Countries Created Netherlands is created
Austrian Netherlands + Dutch Republic
39 German states unite to create Germany
Switzerland is independent country
Countries surrounding France are strengthened
To prevent future aggression by France
Rulers overthrown by Napoleon are returned to power
Creates peace for 40 yrs

21. Concert of Europe
Monarchs throughout Europe are nervous that French Rev ideas will spread to their countries
Primary Purpose of “concert of Europe”: TO PREVENT FUTURE REVOLUTIONS
Holy Alliance: Austria, Russia, & Prussia sign alliance to protect each other if revolution would happen
Too late: revolutionary ideas have spread
LATIN AMERICA!!!