Do Now Based on your knowledge, what is the difference between a renewable and a non- renewable resource. Give an example of each. True or False. A renewable resource cannot become non- renewable. There is always a constant supply.

Renewable Resources Renewable resources are those that can be replenished through biogeochemical and physical cycles. By contrast, non-renewable resources do not replenish themselves, or in the case of fossil fuels do so only at a very slow rate. Example oil, coal, natural gas. Perpetual resources are not affected by human use of them. Examples are sunlight and wind.

Renewable Resources There are both organic (living) and inorganic (nonliving) examples of renewable resources. Example: Organic renewable resources include plant and animal species. Example: Inorganic renewable resources include water and air.

Renewable resources can also become lost through pollution Renewable resources can also become lost through pollution. Though water can renew itself, if it is polluted, it is no longer useful for humans.

Nonrenewable Resources A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is present in limited supplies and depleted by use. A limited resource that we are using faster than we can replenish it. What are some things that humans use that are running out?

Perpetual Resources Perpetual resources are not affected by human use of them. Examples are sunlight and wind.

Can they Change? Renewable resources can become nonrenewable. If their levels become severely decreased, they may not be able to replenish themselves. If a species is endangered it may not be able to prevent becoming extinct.

EXIT TICKET What is a renewable resource? What is a non-renewable resource? What is a perpetual resource? Describe how a renewable resource can become a non-renewable resource

Warm-Up! What do we use coal, oil, and natural gas for? How are they different from one another? Are we using our energy sources efficiently and wisely? How can you personally help reduce the amount of energy that you consume? Today’s Key Points: Coal is our most commonly used energy source Traditional energy is nonrenewable There are several drawbacks to using traditional energy sources

Today’s Exit Ticket Explain how coal is formed Explain how natural gas is formed Explain how oil is formed List two drawbacks of using traditional energy sources (one of these must come directly from the video we watched today in class)

FOSSIL FUELS!!! Hydrocarbons formed into: Coal (solid) Oil (Liquid) Natural Gas (methane mostly) 300 Years of Fossil Fuels Used by themselves or processed to produce cleaner products – like propane or gasoline They are also used to produce chemicals, fertilizers, and plastics

Why do we care about our use of fossil fuels?! 85% of the world’s energy needs comes from fossil fuels Most energy comes from coal, oil, and natural gas Natural gas has the lowest environmental impact, but coal will last the longest of our fossil fuel reserves

FUN FACT If you are cold you are more likely to be hungry, because you are using energy!

U.S. Energy Production vs. Consumption Commodity U.S. Production U.S. Consumption Oil 18% 39% Natural Gas 27% 23% Coal 33% Nuclear 10% 7% Renewable 9% 3.6% Hydroelectric 5% 4%

Carbon! The amount of carbon is what makes an energy source usable Example: Which of the following types of coal would produce the greatest amount of energy? Type of Coal Noncombustible Compounds (%) Carbon Content (%) Lignite 20 35 Bituminous Coal 20-30 55-75 Anthracite 1 95

Fossil Fuels in our AIR The carbon that makes our energy usable, is the same carbon that pollutes our air Biggest single source of human-created air pollution

COAL FORMATION Ancient trees and plants died in swamps and sank to the bottom and formed peat. Over millions of years sand, clay and other sediment covered the peat, forming sedimentary rock. Pressure from the rock squeezed out the water. Over time it fossilized and turned into coal.

OIL AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION Animals in ocean died and sink to sea floor. Remains become covered in sediment. As layers of sediment settled, pressure and heat turned the remains into oil and gas. As earth’s surface changed, pockets of oil and natural gas became trapped in the rock.

OIL AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION Mining is used to get the coal used to burn coal in power plants. Mining is also used to get the uranium used to make nuclear energy. As a result of mining, acids are released into the water supply. This can harm plants and animals. Methane is released. Methane is a greenhouse gas - what is methane’s warming potential? Where does methane come from?

OIL AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION Strip mining, or surface mining of coal: completely eliminates existing vegetation destroys the genetic soil profile displaces or destroys wildlife and habitat degrades air quality, alters current land uses to some extent permanently changes the general topography of the area mined Soil removal from the area to be surface mined alters or destroys many natural soil characteristics, and may reduce its productivity for agriculture or biodiversity.

OIL AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION After mining is over, the company must complete the process of reclamation. Reclamation is returning the land to its original condition. This includes the material replacement (making the land LOOK the same), as well as replacing vegetation and the type of soil on top.

Fossil Fuel Gallery Crawl! Natural Gas Coal Oil

FUEL The Documentary Fill in your guides as you watch this video – your exit ticket will come directly from this!

Drawbacks of Traditional Energy Resources Emissions coal-fired plants produce most emissions Coal generates 2,249 pounds of carbon dioxide, 13 pounds of sulfur dioxide and 6 pounds of nitrogen oxides for every megawatt hour of energy generated Water Use water removal for traditional energy use can damage wildlife populations of rivers and lakes 2. The most common forms of traditional energy production -- coal, natural gas and nuclear -- all utilize water during mining processes and for cooling during combustion. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency states that water removal for traditional energy use can damage wildlife populations of rivers and lakes.

Drawbacks, cont. Pollution Public Health Coal, natural gas and nuclear power all add pollutants to water that, if discharged into a lake or stream, can negatively impact water quality and harm wildlife coal produces a solid waste called ash in addition to the pollution created during the mining process Public Health

Are you ready? Questions? EXIT TICKET Are you ready? Questions?

Today’s Exit Ticket Explain how coal is formed Explain how natural gas is formed Explain how oil is formed List two drawbacks of using traditional energy sources