Ch. 1 - The Nature of Science

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Ch. 1 - The Nature of Science Defining Science Problem-Solving Scientific Method Experimental Design

A. Defining Science Pure Science research that adds to the body of scientific knowledge has no practical use Applied Science (Technology) the practical application of scientific knowledge

A. Defining Science PURE APPLIED human genetics polymer science atomic theory study of the human ear APPLIED DNA fingerprinting Lycra® spandex nuclear weapons hearing aids

A. Defining Science Life Science the study of living organisms Earth Science the study of Earth and space Physical Science the study of matter and energy chemistry & physics

C. Scientific Method Hypothesis - testable prediction Theory - explanation of “why” based on many observations & experimental results Scientific Law - prediction of “what” describes a pattern in nature

THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! C. Scientific Method Theories and laws are well-accepted by scientists, but... THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE! They are revised when new information is discovered.

C. Scientific Method 1. Determine the problem. 2. Make a hypothesis. 3. Test your hypothesis. 4. Analyze the results. 5. Draw conclusions.

D. Experimental Design Experiment - organized procedure for testing a hypothesis Key Components: Control - standard for comparison Single variable - keep other factors constant Repeated trials - for reliability

D. Experimental Design Types of Variables Independent Variable adjusted by the experimenter what you vary Dependent Variable changes in response to the indep. variable what you measure

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