Age of Exploration (1450 - 1750) “God, gold and glory”

Motives for Exploration “God, gold and glory” Motives for Exploration A. Technological Advances 1. improved navigational methods: - magnetic compass and astrolabe - improved maps and charts

Motives for European Exploration B. Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. C. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. D. Reformation  refugees & missionaries. E. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. F. Fame and fortune.

improved ship designs - the caravel

improved weapons - gunpowder and cannons Why would this be important?

Portugal and Spain A. Portugal 1. Portugal led the way in exploration a. Prince Henry the Navigator encourages exploration and the study of improvements in seafaring.

b. location –. Portugal was. well situated. to explore. based on b.location – Portugal was well situated to explore based on routes available to explore.

2. Portuguese. sailors. explored the. coast of. Africa in an 2. Portuguese sailors explored the coast of Africa in an attempt to find a water route to Asian trade.

3. Portuguese explorers included: Bartholomeu Dias - first to sail around the southern tip ofAfrica Vasco da Gama - discovered an all water trade route between Portugal and India.

B. Spain     1. Columbus sails West in an attempt to reach Asia. a. opened the Americas to European colonization and trade.

Columbus’ Four Voyages

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - Spain and Portugal sign a treaty dividing the newly discovered lands between the two nations How would you view this treaty if you were the English, French or other Europeans

Other Voyages of Exploration

Amerigo Vespucci – Explored the coast of the newly discovered lands Suggested Columbus had actually discovered a new world Vespucci’s name begins to appear on maps of the New World

Ferdinand Magellan – attempted to find a Western route to Asia, one of his ships will complete the first circumnavigation of the earth. (1519-1522)

Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico in 1519. Cortes along with native allies defeated the Aztec.

Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

The “Columbian Exchange” What is it? The “Columbian Exchange” refers to the vast exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and diseases that began with the “Age of Exploration”

The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough

Impact of European Expansion Native populations ravaged by disease. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. Deepened colonial rivalries.

Treasures from the Americas!

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony! Explorers Conquistadores Official European Colony! Missionaries Permanent Settlers