Chemistry of Life Chapter 3 Pg 84 How Do These Giants Grow? 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Getting Started pg 86 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

My Planet Dairy: Energy Backpacks Silently complete the dairy entry 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What are Elements and Compounds ? 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What are Elements and Compounds ? You are made of many substances Make up your blood, bones, muscles, and more Element(s) – is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What are Elements and Compounds Con’d? The smallest unit of an element is a particle called an atom. Any single element is made up of only one kind of atom 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What are Elements and Compounds Con’d? Compounds form when two or more elements combine chemically What are some examples of compounds? 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What compounds do cells need? 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What compounds do cells need? Some important groups of organic compounds that living things need are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Water is a necessary inorganic compound. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates – energy-rich organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen See page 90 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Lipids Lipids – are compounds that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen and some oxygen. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Lipids Cell membranes consist mainly of lipids. Fats, oils, and waxes are all lipids. Gram for gram, fats and oils contain more energy than carbohydrates. Cells store energy from fats and oils for later use. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What are Proteins? 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Proteins Proteins – are large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Proteins Con’d A group of proteins known as enzymes speed up chemical reactions in living things. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids – are very long organic molecules. These molecules consist of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Nucleic Acids Foods high in nucleic acids include red meat, shellfish, mushroom, and peas. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Nucleic Acids One kind of nucleic acid is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA – is the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. The shape of a DNA molecule is described as a double helix 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Something Good in the Air Pg94 Chapter 3.2 Something Good in the Air Pg94 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Importance of the Cell Membrane Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. Substances that can move into and out of a cell do so by means of one of two processes: passive transport or active transport. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Forms of Passive Transport Moving materials across the cell membrane sometimes requires the cell to use its own energy. At other times, the cell uses no energy. The movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy is called passive transport. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Diffusion pg 96 Diffusion – is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Lets read pg 96 on diffusion 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Osmosis pg 97 Osmosis – is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Lets read pg 97 on osmosis 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Facilitated Diffusion Lets read about this on pg 98 Make sure to either highlight or underline 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Active Transport Molecules in cells must often move in the opposite direction from the way they would naturally move due to diffusion. Molecules move from a place of lower concentration to a place of higher concentration. Active Transport – is the movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Moving Large Particles pg 99 Some materials, such as food particles, are too large to cross the cell membrane. Endocytosis – cell membrane changes shape and engulfs the particles. Exocytosis – allows large particles to leave a cell. During exocytosis, a vacuole first fuses with the cell membrane 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

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Chapter 3.3 Photosynthesis Silently complete the My planet diary on page 100 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Photosynthesis pg102 Photosynthesis – the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food. Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight that is captured during photosynthesis. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Producers and Consumers An organism that makes its own food is called a producer, or an autotroph. An organism that cannot make its own food, including animals such as the zebra and the lion, is called a consumer, or a heterotroph. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

What happens during Photosynthesis? 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Photosynthesis process cont… During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms absorb energy from the sun and use the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Stage 1: Capturing the Sun’s Energy In the first stage of Photosynthesis, energy from the sunlight is captured. This happens commonly in the leaves. Recall that chloroplasts are green organelles inside plant cell. the main pigment for photosynthesis in chloroplasts is chlorophyll 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Stage 2: Using Energy to Make Food In the second stage of Photosynthesis , cells produce sugars Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings on the undersides of the leaves and moves into the chloroplasts Almost all the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere is produced by living things through the process of Photosynthesis 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

My Planet Diary Fun Facts Chapter 2 Lesson 4 (2.4) pg 106 My Planet Diary Fun Facts 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Cellular Respiration pg 107 After you eat a meal, your body breaks down the food and releases the sugars in the food. The most common sugar in foods is glucose. Cellular respiration – is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Cellular Respiration con’d… During Cellular Respiration , cells break down glucose and other molecules from food in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy. Living things need a constant supply of energy. The cells of living things carry out cellular respiration continuously. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Storing and Releasing Energy When you eat a meal, you add to your body’s energy “savings account” by storing glucose. When cells need energy, they “withdraw” it by breaking down glucose through cellular respiration. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Breathing and Respiration pg 107 Breathing brings oxygen into your lungs, which is then carried to cells for cellular respiration. Breathing also removes the waste products of cellular respiration from your body. Take a breath 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Cellular Respiration Like photosynthesis, cellular respiration is a two-stage process. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM

Cellular Respiration stage 1 The first stage occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. There, molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules. 2/19/2019 1:42 AM