Pont du Gard.

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Pont du Gard

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Hello Mr. Workbook… Location: France! Roman Name: Gaul (under control of Rome from 120 BC) Modern Name: Nîmes (what other piece of architecture have we studied from there?) Architectural type: Functional, Aqueduct. Purpose: Carried water from a spring near Uzes (50km away) to supply Nîmes with water Dates of Construction: It is dated to the reign of Augustus Reasons for Dating: 20-16BC (F.Sear and J.Campbell) 19BC – when commissioned by Marcus Agrippa (R.Hannah) AD14 (M. Wheeler) Dimensions: 1.45m x 1.22m across the gorge

Workbooks… When was it built? 20-16BC What is it built with? uncemented masonry quarried locally, which was very accessible and cheap Who probably constructed it? Slaves and Soldiers but was commissioned by Marcus Agrippa Number of arches: top: 35 middle: 11 bottom: 6 Height of structure: 49m high Length (of top level): 275m wide The canal lined with: waterproof cement. So that the water f____ smoothly & does n___ leak. Located: Nimes Covered with: stone bosses for repairs

Pont problems and Sensible solutions The weight of the bridge The weight of the structure is lessened as the depth of the arches decreases from bottom to top – 6.36m, 4.56m, 3.06m The properties of the arch mean it is strong enough to cope with the weight of the structure & the water it carries The force of winds on the bridge The top row of arches is not so deep so that the force of the wind is minimized

Pont problems and Sensible solutions The height of a bridge needed to cross the Gard Repeated arches in a row mean they can span any length eg. One length at the bottom (142m) and another at top of the gorge (275m) The flow of water against the bridge The heavy deeper piers at the bottom can carry the weight above, and withstand the force of a river in flood The foundations of the 2 wider central arches wider are built in rock, not the actual river bed The pier heads in the bottom row are wedge shaped to cut the flood current and reduce turbulence

More details The water was piped to the various areas of Nîmes eg. Private houses, public baths, public drinking fountains. This part of the aqueduct crosses the gorge of the river Gardon, (which is why it is called the Pont du Gard – Bridge over the river Gardon). It is located 21km from Nîmes it is a utilitarian structure.

construction The blocks weighed up to 6 tonnes Blocks were labelled before they were put together Local limestone was used from the river valley The cost of labour was reduced by using slaves & soldiers No carved decoration Projecting stones were used for scaffolding & were left to assist with repairs in future The aqueduct was a cheaper method of transporting water instead of using lead pipes.

The arch is designed so it is strong enough to cope with the weight of the structure and the water it carries The source of the water (Uzes) is higher than it’s destination (Nîmes) so gravity causes the water to flow downhill with reasonable pressure. The pont du gard has a slight drop of 11cm over 275m

“It’s Harmonious & beautiful!” The arch on the bottom tier is the same width as 3 arches on the top tier The arches of the 2 bottom tiers are the same width