QOTD Someone involved in the temperance movement would try to get the government to a) raise taxes on the wealthiest Americans. b) make drinking alcohol illegal. c) free slaves in the United States. d) give women the right to vote.

QOTD Someone involved in the temperance movement would try to get the government to b) make drinking alcohol illegal.

Today’s Standard SSUSH8 Explain the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and how slavery became a significant issue in American politics.

Sectionalism Intensifies Compromise and the Fight against Slavery 1820 - 1850

Westward Expansion Brings Sectional Tension 1803 - The Louisiana Purchase expands the United States 1) Problem – The question of slavery is becoming central… Northerners want new lands to be free states Southerners want new lands to be slave states 2) Cookie Theory – Congress kept the number of free and slave states in the Union equal to keep everyone happy. 3) The addition of Missouri to the Union would threaten the balance of free and slave states 4) North – Missouri should be free South – Missouri should be slave Compromise would be needed to try and settle the dispute

The Missouri Compromise - 1820 5) a) Missouri would be admitted as a slave state b) Maine would be admitted as a free state c) Slavery would be prohibited north of the 36/30 parallel latitude. Unfortunately, as we will see, the Missouri Compromise will NOT solve the issue of slavery between the North and the South….

Missouri Compromise (enlarged)

The Nullification Crisis and Secession 1) The Nullification Crisis would be another step in widening the rift between the North and the South 2) Congress passed two tariffs – the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 Tariffs raised prices of imported goods, which helped Northern businesses but hurt Southern planters 3) John C. Calhoun – Jackson’s Vice President – and champion of states rights and slavery Calhoun believed that the southern states had the right to nullify, or throw out the federal tariffs 4) South Carolina even threatened to secede, or leave the Union.

Abolitionists Speak Out As Congress tries to settle the issues of states’ rights and slavery, Northern abolitionists take center stage… Early attempts were made to send African-Americans back to Africa 1) The American Colonization Society encouraged African American emigration back to Liberia Abraham Lincoln supported this at one time… 2) It didn’t work; only 1,400 African-Americans went back African-Americans wanted citizenship, and instead turned to the abolition movement to end slavery in the United States.

Abolitionists Speak Out 3) The most well known abolitionist is Frederick Douglass Born in 1817 as a slave in Maryland; educated by his master’s wife, and then escapes to the North An excellent orator (speaker) Believed that abolition of slavery could be achieved without violence He started his own abolitionist newspaper – the North Star

Abolitionists Speak Out Abolition also had white support 4) William Lloyd Garrison was the most influential white abolitionists He was from Massachusetts 5) The Liberator, Garrison’s newspaper, called for immediate emancipation, freeing the slaves Garrison also believed that slaveholders should not be compensated for giving up their slaves

Abolitionists Speak Out 6) Sarah and Angelina Grimke Two very religious Quaker sisters from South Carolina Witnessed the horrors of slavery Travelled throughout the North in the 1830s Attracted thousands to their speeches against slavery

Life Under Slavery 1) 1810 and 1830 the number of slaves increased in the South from 1.1 million to 2 million 2) Slaves worked on large plantations from morning to night and they were often beaten. 3) Urban slaves worked in cities in factories. Conditions were less harsh for them.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Not all slaves went quietly August 1831 Virginia 4) Nat Turner, a slave, gathers followers and revolts Turner attacks 4 plantations and killed 70 whites He was eventually caught and executed 5) Nat Turner’s Rebellion After the rebellion, slave laws became much stricter

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 6) After Nat Turner, Antebellum South (pre-Civil War South) begins to severely limit African-American freedom They could no longer vote, buy guns, assemble, own private property, learn to read and write, or work independently 7) The issue of slavery became more in the spotlight after Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin A novel about the brutality of slavery Some saw it as propaganda against the South but… Becomes incredibly popular and helps the abolition movement…

Abolitionist Newspaper Article / Poster Why should slavery be abolished? Brutality, no freedom, etc. You can mention Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke sisters You can talk about how the North is free but the South isn’t You can talk about how the Declaration of Independence says all men are equal Right to vote, own land, have a job, etc.