The New Deal Ch. 16 sec. 1 *FDR elected in Nov. 1932----did not take office until March 1933 --long wait for the “New Deal” *FDR’s 1st plan = restore hope for Americans & confidence in the U.S. *”The only thing we have to fear is, fear itself.” --Fireside chats—FDR addressed nation over the radio & his easy manner helped build confidence for America’s future --New Deal = relief, recovery, & reform programs of the FDR presidency that combated the Gr. Dep. *FDR would use the government to take control of the situation & make its role LARGER…something Republicans did not want to do.

*1st—FDR closed the nation’s banks for 4 days---Emergency Banking Act---allowed the govt. to inspect the health of the banks----promised Americans that banks would not fail --More Americans had confidence in the banks & put their money back------allowed banks to give out loans to stimulate the economy. --created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)—insures bank deposits *Federal Securities Act (1933) & Securities & Exchange Commission (1933)---set up to regulate stock market *Set up Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA) --help w/ relief agencies & give them $$$

*Public works programs---govt. funded projects to build facilities --CWA---Civil Works Administration --put unemployed to work building or improving roads, parks, airports…etc. 4 million jobs created --CCC---Civilian Conservation Corps. --FDR’s favorite program-----1933—2.5 million unmarried men put to work maintaining forests, beaches, & parks. --earned $30/month --lived in camps for free w/ food & medical care *Indian Reorganization Act-1934---stopped the sale of tribal lands & restored some lands to Indian owners.

*Govt. Regulating Economy---- -1933—National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) --est. the Natl. Recovery Admin.—set up fed. codes to regulate wages, control working conditions, production, prices, --helped organized labor…..set up agencies to help w/ all kinds of needs for Americans *WPA---Works Progress Admin.---built huge projects, like bridges, dams, and highways (Florida Keys) *HOLC---Home Owner’s Loan Corp.---helped middle-class families keep up w/ their mortgage payments. ---still millions of Americans lost their homes *FHA---Federal Housing Admin.---govt. owned corp.—improved housing standards & conditions, insure mortgages….

AAA---Agricultural Adjustment Admin *AAA---Agricultural Adjustment Admin.---tried to raise farm prices by giving fed. $$$ to farmers to cut production of certain crops… *TVA---Tennessee Valley Authority---helped farmers & create jobs----huge project & very popular --reactivated a hydroelectric power plant from WWI --gave cheap electric power, flood control & recreational fun for Tenn. River valley

*Key players in the New Deal--- -Brain Trust---FDR surrounded himself w/ very smart advisors & educated men -FDR = 1st President ever to appoint a woman to a cabinet post---Sec. of Labor -hired African Americans for policy making posts---unprecedented! *Eleanor Roosevelt---traveled for her hubby & got support for New Deal---took the role of First Lady to a new level….. **Reported to FDR about what was happening in America, b/c of her travels. *MANY Americans worried about the New Deal giving so much power to the federal govt. -Supreme Court ruled AAA & NIRA unconstitutional…..gave President lawmaking powers….back to the drawing board….

*The Second New Deal--- --began to respond to agricultural workers….farmers --set up the Resettlement Admin.---loaned money to owners of small farms & helped resettle tenant farmers & sharecroppers. --Rural Electrification Admin. (REA)---offered loans to electric companies to get electricity out to rural areas for farmers (homes & barns) *98% of U.S. farms soon would have electricity……farmers used electric appliances……….. *New Labor Legislation--- -designed to protect workers’ rights --Wagner Act---1935—legalized union acts like collective bargaining & closed shops---workplaces for only union members --outlawed spying on unions, blacklisting --set up the NLRB—National Labor Relations Board --enforces the Wagner Act

*The Social Security System--- --created by the Social Security Act-1935— --provided financial security, as regular payments, to people who could not support themselves a.k.a.—Old-age pensions & survivors’ benefits --workers paid into a national fund while working & could w/draw funds once they reached 65 years of age. *Aid for Dependent Children (ADC)--- federal grants given to support children, the blind, and the disabled *1936 Election--- --Democrats = FDR Republicans = Alfred M. Landon --FDR kicks butt!!!!! He carried every state except Maine & Vermont! 523-8 in the E.C.! *Proved that almost EVERY American was behind the New Deal and its policies and laws………