4-7: Congress and the Executive Branch

Big Idea: Constitutionalism   Enduring Understanding: The republican ideal in the U.S. is manifested in the structure and operation of the legislative branch. Learning Objectives: Describe the different structures, powers, and functions of each house of Congress. Explain how the structure, powers, and functions of both houses of Congress affect the policymaking process.

Legislative Oversight Overview Oversight refers to congressional review of the activities of an executive agency, department, or office. Investigates corruption and waste Holds hearings to discuss problems and solutions

Legislative Oversight Overview Carried out by committees Increases public awareness about governmental problems Senate confirmation of cabinet heads and judicial appointments

Legislative Oversight Methods Setting guidelines for agencies Conducting investigations Holding hearings Using budget control Reorganizing an agency Evaluating an agency’s programs

Foreign Policy Constitutional Separation of Power Congress President Declares war Ratifies treaties President Commander-in-chief Wages war Negotiates treaties

Foreign Policy War Powers War Powers Act (1941) Gave President Roosevelt authority to reorganize areas of government around the war cause Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) Gave President Johnson a “blank check” to use military forces without a declaration of war

Foreign Policy War Powers War Powers Resolution (1973) Response to presidential actions during the Vietnam War Ensured greater congressional voice in military matters President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops President must bring troops home from hostilities within 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the time Serves as a legislative veto