Please sit in your assigned seats and quietly follow the directions below: Define nationalism and sectionalism. Give one example for each!

USHC Standard 2: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century. USHC 2.1: Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession. Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny

The increasing economic differences and the growing conflict between the North and the South over the right to extend slavery to the territories led to a conflict between states’ rights and federal power in the nullification crisis of the 1830’s.

What was the nullification crisis of the 1830’s What was the nullification crisis of the 1830’s? • Nullification: the failure or refusal of a U.S. state to aid in enforcement of federal laws within its limits, especially on Constitutional grounds • Northern manufacturers favored a high tariff that would protect their infant industries from foreign competition • Southerners, as producers of cash crops and consumers of manufactured goods, wanted those goods to be available at a cheaper price and viewed a high tariff as an “abomination” • The West sided with the North in order to get support from the Northern states for their favored issues, internal improvements and ever cheaper land prices

• In the 1830’s South Carolina used the states’ rights argument to declare the tariff null and void • President Andrew Jackson was determined to uphold the right of the federal government to collect the tariff in South Carolina President Andrew Jackson Vice President John C. Calhoun

What happened? • A compromise reduced the offending tariff • This compromise, and the threat of federal force led South Carolina to rescind their nullification of the tariff but not to reject the right of the state to nullify an act of Congress • The immediate threat to the Union was prevented

NEW ACQUISITIONS The Oregon Territory: • The United States’ claim to Oregon was based on the explorations of Lewis and Clark which took them beyond the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean • Americans had moved to the Oregon Territory in order to trade furs and to farm • The area was also claimed by the British with whom the U.S. had joint occupation rights until a treaty was negotiated in the 1840’s

NEW ACQUISITIONS Texas: • Texas was acquired through annexation of the Republic of Texas nine years after American-born Texans had declared and won their independence from Mexico • The rest of the present southwestern United States was acquired by treaty that ended the Mexican War

MAIN IDEA: Westward movement impacted the relations between the regions as Southerners sought to protect their “peculiar institution” by pushing for the expansion of slavery and would ultimately threaten national unity in the Civil War.