1. Westward Expansion & Antebellum Period
NOTES: UNIT 3

2. Main concepts Explain how the westward movement impacted
Nationalism (growth of national gov. power)
Democracy (increased voting rights and states)
Displacement of Native Americans
Conflicts over states’ rights and power of federal government
Identify how the US obtained the following territories: Louisiana Purchase, Oregon territory, and SW United States
Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the concept of Manifest Destiny affected the US’ relationship with foreign powers, including the role of the US in the Texan Revolution and Mexican War

3. Westward Expansion
During the 1800s, many Americans wanted to add to the US territory
leaders and citizens believed it was the country’s destiny to expand and possess all territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans
This idea was referred to as “Manifest Destiny”
Americans were favored by God to have all the land on the North American continent
As a result US will acquire more land

6. Land the US Acquired & How
Louisiana Territory
During President Jefferson’s administration, the US purchased the territory from France
Jefferson was concerned about whether this action, by the president, was constitutional
However, he proceeds with the plans
Effects:
Jefferson’s loose interpretation of the elastic clause set precedent for future land acquisitions
Secured the US control of Mississippi River and access to New Orleans

7. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

8. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

9. Region claimed by US and Great Britain
Oregon Territory
Region claimed by US and Great Britain
US claimed territory b/c of Lewis & Clark expedition
Americans moved to territory to trade furs and develop farms
Treaty in 1840s established dividing line at the 49th parallel

10. The Lewis and Clark Expedition
NORTHWEST PASSAGE?

12. Texas
Americans had moved into region upon invitation from Mexican gov. to have access to land for cotton
Americans were expected to obey Mexican laws
When Mexican gov. outlaws slavery – TX revolted and won independence
TX is not annexed – US trying to avoid conflict and concerned about adding another slave state
Under President Polk admin – TX is annexed by Congress

13. American Southwest Mexican War
When US annexes TX – leads to war with Mexico
Conflict begins when US troops move into disputed region b/n TX and Mexico
US wins
Results from peace treaty
US acquired present day: CA, NM, and Arizona territories
Effect: tense relationship b/n US and Mexico through the 1900s

15. Protecting lands for America
Indian Removal
President Jackson used a policy of removal towards the natives to make room for US settlers
Cherokees and other tribes in SE were forced to move to Indian territory in Oklahoma – (Trail of Tears (1830s)
Monroe Doctrine (foreign policy)
Issued by Pres. Monroe to warn European nations from attempts to reestablish colonial claims
US w/ Great Britain act to keep Europeans out of western hemisphere

16. Indian Removal Trail of Tears

18. Effects of westward Expansion
Nationalism
expansion fueled nationalist idea of Manifest Destiny
Democracy: Additional land acquisition spread democracy
Voters
Cheaper land allowed more Americans to own land then could exercise the right to vote
s states dropped property qualifications and expanded the franchise to all white males
States
More territories became states and considered equal to original 13 (NW ordinance)

19. Effects Native Americans
Native Americans in SE responded through resistance and assimilation to increasing white settlers
Neither method worked
African Americans
Slave owners took part of their “human property” with them on the movement west and left rest of slave family behind

20. Sectionalism
Westward expansion intensified sectionalism as competing regional interests agreed on expansion
But differed on policies of the federal gov. such as
cheap land
internal improvements
Protective tariffs
Expansion of slavery