Aim: How did Americans react to the problems of the Gilded Age? Do Now: Answer the three questions: Define Reform Why do reforms take place? How do reforms happen? Homework: Test: 2/12/and 2/13--study

Do Now Define Reform Why does reform take place? How does reform happen? To make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it. Make society better for the poor and working classes. Exposing problems/corruption to the rest of the populist.

Rise of Progressivism New reformers emerge as a reaction to the nation’s rapid industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. What were the negatives of these? Believed private charity could not do enough to help. Progressive Era 1890-1920 Many plans produced with how to bring about progress.

Goals and Beliefs Progressivism was not a unified movement. Included Republicans and Democrats All Progressives held four basic beliefs in common: Government should… …be more accountable to its citizens. …curb the power and influence of wealthy interests. …be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens. …become more efficient and less corrupt so that they could competently handle an expanded role.

Igniting Reform At first, journalists and other writers had enormous influence on public opinion. Muckrakers Journalists alerting the public to wrongdoing in politics and business. Many Americans were inspired to take action through reform. To put or change into an improved form or condition.

Stations Activity Directions: Each group member will research one of five muckrakers You will complete the chart for your muckraker Once each person has completed their reading, you will share the information with the other group members while they complete their charts

Jacob Riis – How The Other Half Lives Jacob Riis wrote How The Other Half Lives, in 1890 Exposed the conditions of the poor and immigrants in urban tenements. Led to the establishment of settlement houses, the most famous was Jane Adams’ Hull House in Chicago

Lincoln Steffens – The Shame Of Our Cities Lincoln Steffens wrote, The Shame of Our Cities, in 1906 Exposed the widespread political corruption in urban governments Led to massive political reforms including: Initiatives Recalls Referendums 17th Amendment

Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, in 1906 Exposed the dangerous and unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry Led to the passing of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act (The first two acts of consumer protection legislation)

Thomas Nast – Harper’s Weekly Thomas Nast is one of the most influential cartoonists in American history and is often called the "Father of the American Cartoon. Nast also drew a score of political cartoons, the most famous of which were published in Harper's Weekly and exposed the illegal dealings of Tammany Hall, a political machine in New York City headed by politician William M. Tweed.

Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard Oil Ida Tarbell wrote The History of Standard Oil in 1904. Exposed the ruthless business practices of Standard Oil and John D. Rockefeller. Led to the break up of Stand Oil Company for violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America What were some changes that came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution in America? Increased Urbanization Social Inequalities What were the goals of the Progressive Movement? Wanted to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life.

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America Who were the Muckrakers? One of the magazine journalists who exposed corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s. What impact did Jacob Riis have on the Progressive Movement? Exposed the dirty, overcrowded tenements that housed the urban poor

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America What were some actions Progressives used? Offered services to the poor – Settlement House Jane Adams established Hull House in Chicago What impact did Lincoln Steffens have on the Progressive Movement? Exposed the corruption in urban governments and fought to give people more of a say in government. Recall – gave voters the right to remove corrupt public officials Initiative – made it possible for citizens to enact laws

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America What was the purpose of the 17th Amendment? Gave citizens, not state legislatures the right to vote for Senators What problems did Upton Sinclair expose in his novel, The Jungle? Portrayed the dangerous and unhealthy conditions prevalent in the meat packing industry at the time.

The Jungle: A View of Industrial America How did the Federal Government respond to Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle? In 1906, Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act, required meat plants to be cleaned up and for meat to be inspected before it was shipped out to the public. Who was the first Progressive President? What were his goals as President? Theodore Roosevelt – he fought political corruption and inequalities. The Square Deal - program of progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business.

Closing Question Which muckraker do you believe brought about the most important changes in American society? Why?