Why Feed Performance Trace Minerals® To Poultry?! Mixing ratio: AVAILA ZN 120 – 350 GR PER TON , AVAILA ZMC - 1KG/BREEDER איך תגדיל את כמות האפרוחים: כרגע נותנים 152 ביצים. נקטין את כמות הביצים עם סדק/שבורות שיגיעו למדגרה – 1.5%-2% נגדיל את אחוז הביצים שיהיו מופרות– אם יש בעיה עם הזרע והרגל – 1% נגדיל את חיות האפרוחים (הביצים שיופרו) עד שבוע. Liability = כמה האפרוחים חיים עד 7 ימים אחרי. DOC’S = DAY OLD CHICKS קשה להם לשבור את הביצה – אם האפרוח לא מספיק חזק.

Energy Protein Minerals Vitamins Water Fibers FEED Energy Protein Minerals Vitamins Water Fibers Trace Macro Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Se, I, Fe P, Mg, Na, Cl, K, Ca, S Other Minerals Performance Minerals המקרו יכולים להשפיע על המיקרו. OTHER MINIRALS – (מתחת רשום מה סוחב אותם= קלאטים) אינאורגני (כימי בכחול) + אורגני (בירוק) שלנו יותר יציב. מולקולה קטנה יותר מסיסה במים. Oxides, Sulfates, Chlorides, Carbonates, Selenite Acetates, Proteinates, Glycinates , Propionates, Butyrates, Polysaccharides ZPM CG - 245

Impact Of Trace Mineral Status On Biological Function IMPACT OF STATUS Impact Of Trace Mineral Status On Biological Function NRC Req Time Immunity & Enzyme Function Maximum Production/Reproduction Subclinical Trace Mineral Status Optimal Clinical Normal Production/Reproduction Deficiency Decreasing Status Increasing Status לייצור יותר אנטיבדי צריך רמה גבוהה של אבץ. אנטיבודי הינו פרוטאין. לייצור הפרוטאין, צריך אנזימים המופעלים ע"י אבץ (אם יש מחסור אז התהליך המטבולי של יצירת הפרוטאינים = אנטיבודי = הימינוגלובלין יפגע). Stat - 1

WHY IS ZINC IMPORTANT? > 230 Enzymes Reproduction Eggshell and Membrane Skin and FP Integrity משפעל מעל 230 אינזימים. באדום ניתן לראות השפעה משמעותית רוויה. (זרע, התאים האפידרמיים, העור, פוט פד, מערכת האימונית). FP FOOT PAD. להודים טוב למניעת שברים (ממש טוב) Immune Function Gut Morphology

WHY IS MANGANESE IMPORTANT? Reproductive Function Disease Resistance Metabolism of Carbohydrates משפיע על הרוויה – curpose litum. Cartilage - = סחוס. Wound healing Bone , Joint, Cartilage Integrity

WHY IS COPPER IMPORTANT? Disease Resistance Eggshell Enzyme Constituent & Activation Strength Bone and Conn. Tissues

WHY IS SELENIUM IMPORTANT? Antioxidant GSH-PX WMD Prevention Reduce drip loss, and increase freshness WMD= white mussel disese Disease Resistance

Trace Mineral Interactions TRACE MINERAL\S INTERACTIONS Trace Mineral Interactions Key Interactions P S K Zn Cl Cu, Ca, Fe Co F Fe Zn, Cu, Mn Ca Zn, Cu As Fe Zn Se Zn and Cu can be antagonistic to each other if either one gets out of balance. Cu (נחושת), Cd, Ca and Fe, reduce Zn absorption and interfere with its metabolism. Recommended dietary contents are included between 40 and 50 ppm according to different authors. Therefore, it is important to notice that stress, traumatisms, and any kind of pathologies really affect layers Zn status. Mn is one of the less toxic trace minerals. The recommended dietary content is 60 ppm. Excesses in Ca intake (usual in layers) raise the requirements in Mn because of fecal losses increased. Mg Ca I Na Cu Mo Mn PT - 79

Effect Of Dietary Calcium On Copper Retention Trace Minerals Interactions Effect Of Dietary Calcium On Copper Retention 10 7.5 5 2.5 -4 15.2 ppm Cu diet 7.6 ppm Cu diet % Ca Content of Diet Cu Retention ppm Feed 0. 7 0. 8 0.9 1.0 What about broiler breeder diets with 3+% Ca? יותר קלציום פחות נחושת נספחת בכבד נעשה בעכברים PG - 160 Adapted from Kirchgessner & Grassmann, 1970

Trace Minerals Antagonists In Poultry Diets Fibers Myco-toxins Toxin binders Calcium (Ca) Clay Phytates (Phytic acid / antioxidant compounds found in whole grain) whole grain – דגנים מלאים mPG - 96

TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION The 3 Outcomes for Inorganic Minerals

TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION Outcome 1. Excretion Zn+2 Ingested Zn+2 .מכיוון שאין מספיק טרנספוררטרים במעי יוצא הרבה בקקי Gut Wall Blood CB - 50

TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION Outcome 2. Excretion Zn Ingested Zn+2 Antagonist Zn+2 נספח לאנטגוניסט ויוצא בקקי (לא נספח בגוף). Gut Wall Blood CB - 50

TRACE MINERAL ABSORPTION Outcome 3. Natural Success Absorption Zn Ingested Mineral Transporter תוצאה הכי טובה שזה נספח. This diagram illustrates the theory of trace mineral absorption in a very simplified model. Zinc is used as an example in this model; however, the same concepts apply to Cu and Mn. When the animal consumes inorganic trace minerals such as zinc sulfate, there are three possible routes the Zn can take in the small intestine. The Zn can remain as it is, not be absorbed and excreted in the feces. The Zn is prone to interact with antagonists that can tie up the Zn thus preventing absorption and the Zn is excreted in the feces. The Zn can bind with a complexing agent, such as an amino acid, and be absorbed across the lining of the small intestine. Zinc in the form of zinc amino acid complex is already bound to an amino acid that can serve as the carrier mechanism to drive absorption. The question often arises as to how does the zinc amino acid complex molecule remain attached in the stomach with a very acidic condition? The manufacturing process of zinc amino acid complex occurs at a very low pH and the low pH of the stomach does not compromise or change the zinc amino acid complex molecule. CB - 50

Proposed Theory Of Trace Mineral Absorption Antagonist Not Absorbed Zn+2 Ingested Small Intestine Zn+2 Not Absorbed Absorption Zn AA Zn+2 Absorption 98.5% ספיחה של המולקולות של ZINPRO. This diagram illustrates the theory of trace mineral absorption in a very simplified model. Zinc is used as an example in this model; however, the same concepts apply to Cu and Mn. When the animal consumes inorganic trace minerals such as zinc sulfate, there are four possible routes the Zn can take in the small intestine: 1) The Zn is prone to interact with antagonists that can tie up the Zn thus preventing absorption and the Zn is excreted in the feces. 2) The Zn can remain as it is, not be absorbed and excreted in the feces. 3) The Zn can be absorbed into the gut cell by a trace mineral transporter 4) The Zn that is bound to an amino acid, can be absorbed through an amino acid transporter across the lining of the small intestine. Zinc in the form of zinc amino acid complex is already bound to an amino acid that can serve as the carrier mechanism to drive absorption. The question often arises as to how does the zinc amino acid complex molecule remain attached in the stomach with a very acidic condition? The manufacturing process of zinc amino acid complex occurs at a very low pH and the low pH of the stomach does not compromise or change the zinc amino acid complex molecule. Amino Acid Transporter Trace Mineral Transporter AA Zn mCB - 50.3

Bioavailabilitya Of Zinc From Zinc Oxide BIOAVAILABILITY OF ZPM Bioavailabilitya Of Zinc From Zinc Oxide RELATIVE TO ZINC SULFATE IN CORN-SBM DIET גם ביסודות קורט אורגניים – מקור המתכת משפיע על הספיחה. ZNSO4 נספח הרבה יותר טוב מאשר ZNO. ZnO ZnSO4 a Bioavailability estimated using multiple regression analyses of total tibia Zn in chicks; ZnSO4 set to 100 yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.01 Wedekind et al., 1992. J. Anim. Sci. 70:178-187 CB - 9

Bioavailabilitya Of Zinc From Availa®Zn RELATIVE TO ZINC SULFATE IN EUROPEAN DIET השוונו את עצמנו ל ZNSO4 ואנחנו כמעט פי 2 יותר טובים. לקחו את אפר העצמות הטיביה. ZnSO4 Availa®Zn a Bioavailability estimated using multiple regression analyses of tibia ash Zn content in chicks; ZnSO4 set to 100

Stability Constant Of Organic Trace Minerals DIFFERENTIATION OF PROTEIN-BASED ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS Stability Constant Of Organic Trace Minerals RELATIVE TO LIGAND SIZE לגנד = מה מחובר למתכת. חומצת אמינו הכי יציב. Z CPX - 30

Effect Of Trace Mineral Source And Level On Animal Performance FORMULATION STRATEGY Effect Of Trace Mineral Source And Level On Animal Performance Performance Increasing Trace Mineral Level ZPM Inorganic מעל רמה מסוימת אסור לתת מתכת אחרת יהייה רעילות או יותר אינטראקציות עם מינרלים. CB - 41

Poultry Technical Update

Performance Trace Minerals® ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Performance Trace Minerals® Consistent and Repeated Data across poultry species on Skin strength and Caracas quality Improve Immune response Increase weight gain Improve feed conversion Intestinal Integrity and elasticity Less pododermatitis (feet lesion)

PERFORMANCE Trace MINERALS 5R BW Gain

Body Weightz: grams Difference vs Controls BROILER SUMMARY Body Weightz: grams Difference vs Controls Availa-Zn®a בממוצע מקבלים 45 גר' יותר מאשר. a Control plus 40 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn (except trials 10-14, 16, 18 and 20 where 40 ppm Zn from sulfate was replaced by Zn from Availa-Zn) z Average response from Availa-Zn not statistically analyzed

PERFORMANCE Trace MINERALS 5R Feed Gain (FCR)

(Equalized to Body Weight of Controls)az: Point Difference vs Controls BROILER SUMMARY Feed/Gain (Equalized to Body Weight of Controls)az: Point Difference vs Controls Availa®Znbc Point Difference vs Controls -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 -1.0 -2 -1.5 -1.3 -2.4 -2.8 -4 -3.8 -3.7 -4.0 -3.6 -4.2 -3.8 -3.4 -3.6 -4.3 -3.9 -4.8 -4.4 -6 -8 -7.7 -10 When talking about FCR you are usually referring to points. E.g Average FCR 1.65kg/kg. One point difference would be +/- 0.01. -12 -11.8 -12.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Data Set a 7 points body weight to 1 point feed conversion (0.032 kg body weight = 0.01 in feed conversion) b Control plus 40 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn (except trials 10-14, 16, 18 and 20 where 40 ppm Zn from sulfate was replaced by Zn from Availa-Zn) c Average body weight for the 22 trials was 2.84 kg z Average response from Availa-Zn differs from control, P < 0.0001 -14 20 21 22 AVG

Footpads (Podo-dermatitis) PERFORMANCE TRACE MINERALS 5R Footpads (Podo-dermatitis)

Pododermatitis Scoring System AVAILA-Zn ON CARCASS DEFECTS - SRUC Pododermatitis Scoring System (0) Nonea (1) Mildb (2) Severec No lesion: No lesion and the skin of the foot pad feel soft to the touch and no swelling Mild: Mild lesion: Discolouration of the foot pad, superficial lesion, dark papillae. Severe: Severe lesion: Ulcers or scabs, signs of hemorrhages or swollen food pad and more than half the foot pad covered by necrotic cells a No lesion: No lesion and the skin of the foot pad feels soft to the touch and no swelling b Mild: Mild lesion, discoloration of the foot pad, superficial lesion, dark papillae c Severe: Severe lesion, ulcers or scabs, signs of hemorrhages or swollen food pad and more than half the foot pad covered by necrotic cells PB - 838

Zinpro has copies of this valuable resource available for others in your organization and your customers. We also have additional information and data related to poultry production for your use. Let your Zinpro rep know if you need extra copies and we’ll do what we can to get you what you need.

Effects Of Availa®Zna On Broiler Footpad Lesion Scoreb AVAILA-Zn AND HUBBARD ULTRA YIELD BROILERS – CQR Effects Of Availa®Zna On Broiler Footpad Lesion Scoreb Sulfatec Availa-Znd השפעת מתן אבילה ZN לזכרים ונקבות. בד"כ שומרים אותם יחד כי הם אינם יכולים להזדווג כי הם קטנים. חלק מהמקומות מפרידים ביניהם. זכרים בד"כ מתים פתאום כי הם אוכלים יותר ואז רגל אחת באוויר. בגלל רעילות בגלל אי הסדרה של מטבוליזם של קרבוהידרטים – מציעים להוריד את האור ל 4 שעות בלילה. SULFATE = ZNSO4. a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b 0 to 3 score: 0=normal, 1=pad burn, 2=pad scab, 3=Open sore; all birds in all pens were scored on d 44 c 100 ppm Zn from ZnSO4 d Availa-Zn provided 40 ppm Zn in addition to ZnSO4 PB - 308

% IMPROVEMENT OVER SULFATEz BROILER SUMMARY Impact Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® Zinc On Paw Lesion Related Measurementsa % IMPROVEMENT OVER SULFATEz שיפור של 37.4% בתגובה. a Data set 1 to 3 = Sellable Paws; 4 to 16 = Lesion Scores; 20 to 25 = Grades z Average response from Zinpro Performance Minerals differs from sulfate, P < 0.0001 PB - 57.2

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Skin Strength

AVAILA-Zn ON CARCASS DEFECTS - SRUC Skin Integrity Score Score 0a Score 1b Score 2c Score 3d ככל שהעור יותר חזק יותר טוב. Skin integrity scoring: 0: keratinized layer (epidermis) still present; good tensile skin; normal thickness; no skin scratches; no skin ruptures; no dermatitis; no cellulitis; normal skin colour; 1: superficial (שטחי) scratches in skin; thin skin layer; missing keratinized skin parts; signs of drip loss; 2: small sized open skin rupture < 4 cm; open skin scratch; absence of keratinized layer; serious drip loss; small sized dermatitis; 3: extensive skin rupture on hips, thigh, breast and/or backside; extensive dermatitis; extensive subcutaneous dermatitis; damaged breast muscles in plucker; The birds were processed at the Carcass Evaluation Unit at SAC. A routine commercial processing procedure was followed. All birds were killed using a stun bath, where DC current is set at 100 Volts 400 Hertz, giving each bird a minimum of 105 mA as required.  The temperature of the scald tank was set at 51.5°C, ± 0.3°C. Immediately after the transfer of processed birds to chill room, all processed birds were assessed for carcass damage. a 0: Keratinized layer (epidermis) still present; Good tensile skin; Normal thickness; No skin scratches; No skin ruptures; No dermatitis; No cellulitis; Normal skin color b 1: Superficial scratches in skin; Thin skin layer; Missing keratinized skin parts; Signs of drip loss c 2: Small sized open skin rupture < 4 cm; Open skin scratch; Absence of keratinized layer; Serious drip loss; Small sized dermatitis d 3: Extensive skin rupture on hips, thigh, breast and/or backside; Extensive dermatitis; Extensive subcutaneous dermatitis; Damaged breast muscles in plucker PB - 851

POULTRY GENERAL עור יותר אלסטי בגלל קולג'ין (ZN עוזר לו להיווצר) חוזק - התאים מגבירים ייצור של תאים אפיטריולים (חלוקה של אותם תאים). (דרמיס – אפדירמוס-אפיטריולוס – סקוומס ) ZN ו MN עוזרים להחלמה מפצעים. העוף ימשיך להתגרד אבל פחות יפצע את עצמו. PG - 3

CELLULITIS IN BROILERS צלוליטיס -(בקטריה) קורה בגלל שריטות PG - 202

Impact Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Skin Strength Related Measurements DATA SET - ON TOP – מוסיפים ביחס לביקורת. ISO – הם עם אותו רמה של ZN אבל חלק ממנו הינו של זינפרו – אנחנו לא ממליצים להתשמש רק בזינפרו מכיוון שזה יותר יקר. כמוכן מצאנו ששילוב שלהם עם אינאורגני אידיאלי – כדיי לא ליצור חוסר איזון ואינטראקציות בין המתכות. What form of zinc was given in the control? Zinc sulphate 2.     Please explain the following criteria: This hole slide referred to skin strength so a-c are different ways of evaluating skin strength. a.     Displacement – Of what?  skin b.     Energy at break point – of what? skin c.     Grade – of what? Scoring of the skin quality using a grading system. Data Set 8 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Trial 3 5 6 7 ZPM Zinca 2 4 Criteriab 1 a 2 = zinc amino acid complex on top; 4 = zinc amino acid complex Iso; all zinc supplemented at 40 ppm b 1 = Total skin tears and scratches greater than 6 mm; 2 = Strength; 3 = Displacement; 4 = Energy at break point; 5 = Sores Scabs Scratches (SSS) at back; 6 = SSS at thigh; 7 = Grade z Average response from Zinpro Performance Minerals, P < 0.0008 PB - 493

TRACE MINERALS FOR LAYING HENS Effect Of Vitamin E And Availa®Zna On The Severity And Incidence Of Cellulitisb צלוליטיס = זיהום - ויטמין E = אנטיאוקסידנט. עדיף להשתמש רק באבילה ZN. Controlc Vitamin E Availa-Znd Vitamin E + Availa-Zn a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b A dermal scratch procedure was used to elicit cellulitis c Zinc from zinc sulfate source d Control + 40 ppm zinc from Availa-Zn Downs, et al., 2000. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 9:319-323 PG - 116

Skin Lesion Score Breakout (%) ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS IN BROILER DIETS – PARC Skin Lesion Score Breakout (%) 1991 (40 D) Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 Average Lesion Score Control 14 25 26 20 9 6 2.00z 20/20a 47 33 11 0.84x 30/30 49 37 12 0.66wx 40/40 53 36 0.58w Iso-Zn and -Mnb 34 31 1.31y P.I. 91-24 0 to 5: Total skin tears and/or scratches greater than 6 mm in length a Ex: 20/20 = ZINPRO® zinc methionine (20 ppm Zn) and MANPRO® manganese methionine (20 ppm Mn) b Iso-Zn and -Mn treatment also iso-methionine to 40/40 wxyz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 PB - 19

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Intestinal Strength האנרגיה הנדרשת לקרוע את המעי. תלי באלסטיות של המעי + שלמות = אינגרטי (שלא שבור/פצוע). סיבות: כדיי שתהליך הייצור שבו לוקחיים החוצה את המעי שלא ישבר ויזהם את העוף. מעי חזק ושלם יכול לספוח יותר.

Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® During An Coccidia Challenge BROILER INTESTINAL LESION STUDY – CQR Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® During An Coccidia Challenge INTESTINAL LESIONS – NATURAL EXPOSURE Controlb Anticoccidial removed ZINPRO®c ZinPLEX®d Availa®Zne אנטיקוקסידיה הורידו ביום ה 35 ובדקו מה קורה. קוקסידיה = פרוטוזואה – (סוגים אימיריה טנלה ואימריה מקסימה) אוכל את הלמלה של התאים – יוצר דימום ופוגע בספיחה. יכולת החלוקה והטיפול בפצע וחלוקת התאים מהירה יותר בשימוש ב AVAILA-ZN. a According to Johnson and Reid, 1970; Data given as sum of lesion scores for 4 sections of the intestine (upper, middle, lower and ceca) b Zinc sulfate (40 ppm Zn) c ZINPRO zinc methionine (40 ppm Zn) d ZinPLEX: ZINPRO zinc methionine (20 ppm Zn) and LyZin® zinc lysine (20 ppm Zn) e Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex (40 ppm Zn) xyz Within day, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Rapp et al., Proceedings Eur. Symp. Poultry Nutr., Oct 2001, Blankenberge, Belgium PB - 67

Why better Footpads/Skin/Intestine? FUNCTIONS OF TRACE MINERALS Why better Footpads/Skin/Intestine? Primary functions of ZINC Protein synthesis Nucleic acid metabolism Epithelial tissue integrity Cell repair and division ה אבץ עוזר ב 4 התעניינים םה למטה. Nucleic acid - חומצות גרעין CTM - 13

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Broiler Breeders

Benefits Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® For Broiler Breeders (ZMC) BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Benefits Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® For Broiler Breeders (ZMC) Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia PG - 123

Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia Footpad Quality Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia PG - 134

Effect Of Zinpro Zinc On Footpad Lesions BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Effect Of Zinpro Zinc On Footpad Lesions FEMALE Treatment Footpad Lesion Scorea Controlb 1.70y ZINPRO®c 1.26z LyZin®d 1.24z ZINPRO/LyZine 1.30z a Score: 0 = no lesion, 1 = lesions of <7.5mm, 2 = lesions of >7.5mm in diameter b 55 ppm Zn from ZnO c Control + 40 ppm Zn from ZINPRO zinc methionine d Control + 40 ppm Zn from LyZin zinc lysine e Control + 20 ppm Zn from ZnMet and 20 ppm Zn from ZnLys yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Hess et al., 2001 J Appl. Anim. Res. 19:49-60 PG - 135

Lame Roosters Don’t Mate! BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Lame Roosters Don’t Mate! Lame=צולע Photo courtesy of Dr Jeanna Wilson, University of Georgia PG - 136

Lameness Decreases Broiler Breeder Production BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Lameness Decreases Broiler Breeder Production Lame breeders have decreased ability to: Eat Drink Breed Roosters and hens are affected PG - 137

Relative Performance Of Broiler Breeders Over Time BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Relative Performance Of Broiler Breeders Over Time Mating Efficiency Duration of Fertility Sperm Cell Demand Sperm Production Relative Performance 32 Weeks 60 Weeks Age of Breeder PG - 144 Managing Broiler Breeders for Maximum Fertility, Dr McDaniel, World Poultry: Special 2000

Effects Of Zinc On Semen Quality BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Effects Of Zinc On Semen Quality Essential nutrient for proper sperm production Zinc deficiency may result in lowered testosterone levels Testosterone – sexual ability hormon Zink responsible for the Apethirial cells devithion and activate catalists that also generate - spirms PG - 145 Photo courtesy of Zinpro Corporation

Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Sperm Quality BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Sperm Quality On pork. Sulfatesa ZPMb a All diets contained 200 ppm Zn, 30 ppm Mn, 30 ppm Cu and 200 ppm Fe b Trace mineral complexes added to replace sulfates: 40 ppm Zn from ZinPlex (ZINPRO® zinc methionine and ZINPRO zinc lysine), 20 ppm Mn from MANPRO® manganese methionine, 25 ppm Cu from CuPLEX® copper lysine and 20 ppm Fe from METH•IRON® ferric methionine yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 PG - 149

Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Broiler Breeder Performance BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Effect Of Zinpro Performance Minerals® On Broiler Breeder Performance Treatmentsa Fertility, % Control 78 ZnO 83 ZINPRO®b 85 a Zn levels: 72 ppm in Control, 152 ppm in ZnO, 152 ppm in zinc complex treatment groups Zn from zinc complex added at 80 ppm; Each treatment mean is the average of 540 eggs collected from broiler breeder hens at 50, 54, and 56 weeks of age; Treatments began at 41 weeks of age b ZINPRO zinc methionine Kidd et al. 1992 J. Appl. Poult. Res. 1:207-211 PG - 153

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Chicks

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chicks Per Henc THAILAND BROILER BREEDER Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chicks Per Henc 20 TO 65 WEEKS OF AGE 44011999 Control Availa-Zn 40-60/ 0-75/0-90d Availa-Mn 40-60e a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn) e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn) yz Bars lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Khajarern et al., 2002. Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.) PBB - 13

Cumulative Chick Production UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA – BROILER BREEDER Cumulative Chick Production ZnSO4a Availa-Zn + ZnSO4c a ZnSO4 (160 ppm Zn) c Availa-Zn (80 ppm Zn) and ZnSO4 (80 ppm Zn) yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 PBB - 47

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Egg Production

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Egg Productionc THAILAND BROILER BREEDER Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Egg Productionc 20 TO 65 WEEKS OF AGE 44011999 Control Availa-Zn 40-60/ 0-75/0-90d Availa-Mn 40-60e a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn) e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn) yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.10 Khajarern et al., 2002. Poult. Sci 81:40 (Abstr.) PBB - 8

Maternal Carry-Over Effects ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Maternal Carry-Over Effects

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chick Qualityc THAILAND BROILER BREEDER Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Chick Qualityc 20 TO 65 WEEKS OF AGE Performance Characteristics Control 0-75/0-90d Availa-Zn 40-60e Availa-Mn 40-60e Total chicks 23,624 25,777 Chicks per hen 114y 122z Quality grade of chickf, # per hen Grade AA 79y 87z Grade A 35 Salable price of chicks, Baht/hen 514.66y 564.67z 209.64 212.38 Total 724.30y 777.05z Feed/bird/day, g 147 44011999 a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn) e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn) f Grade AA = 40 g or heavier; Grade A = 38 to 39 g yz Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Khajarern et al., 2002. Poultry Sci 81:40 (Abstr.) PBB - 12

Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen Treatments Bone Dry Weight (g)b Zinc Content (µg/g Dry Bone)b Toe Web Swelling PHA-P (mm)c Control 0.075x 191.31 0.813z ZnO 191.13 0.758z ZINPRO 0.078w 210.50 1.067y a ZINPRO zinc methionine b Control = 72 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 80 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 80 ppm Zn from zinc complex c Control = 78 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 40 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 40 ppm from Zn from zinc complex wx Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 yz Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.0001 Kidd et al. 1992 Poultry Sci.71:1201-1206; 1993 Poultry Sci. 72:1492-1499 PBB - 53

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Progeny Livabilityc BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Progeny Livabilityc 20004403 Controld ZnSO4 + Availa-Zn + Availa-Zn + MnSO4e MnSO4f Availa-Mng a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb X Cobb broilers from 0 to 17 days of age; 37-wk-old hens fed treatment diets beginning at 21 weeks of age d Control = 75 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 and 83 ppm Mn as MnSO4 e Control + 75 ppm Zn from ZnSO4 and 80 ppm Mn from MnSO4 f Control + 75 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn and 80 ppm from MnSO4 g Control + 75 ppm Zn from Availa-Zn and 80 ppm Mn from Availa-Mn yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Virden et al., 2002 Poultry Sci. 81:(In press) PG - 167

Eggshell Quality

BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS FUNCTION IN THE LAYING PROCESS EGG FORMATION TRACT Isthmus Uterus Zinc FUNCTION IN THE LAYING PROCESS Zinc is a cofactor of keratinase and carbonic anhydrase, that play a role in the formation of egg membrane and shell function (isthmus and uterus) PG - 158

Eggshell Quality Comparison BENEFITS OF ZPM FOR BROILER BREEDERS Eggshell Quality Comparison This picture represents two types of shell. The first one is a weaker shell. It is the one from a laying hen where you can notice lines of breakage and this is characteristic of early lay. The second one is the one from a Guinea Fowl where you can notice no lines of breakage in the shell matrix and many directions for the calcite crystals. This demonstration is to demonstrate the strength of the shell (or resistance to breakage) is based on the direction of the calcite crystals and not the amount of calcite. Most of the nutritionists talk about the available calcium to improve the eggshell strength/resistance and we have to emphasize that the way the shell is constructed is very important as well. It is like building a wall with a lot of bricks: the key is not the number of bricks but the way you put them together. And the direction of the crystals seems to be directly linked to the eggshell membranes and this is why Zn, Cu and Mn are so important (Zn for protein synthesis, and secretion by epithelial cells in the oviduct; Cu for the texture of membranes with elastin; and Mn for the metabolism of collagen). Trace minerals are key factors to improve the quality of shell membranes especially in the second part of the lay when everything starts to decrease and egg quality is reduced. Reference needed for picture. Weak Shell Matrix Strong Shell Matrix PG - 159

UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BROILER BREEDER Eggshell Quality 35 TO 65 WKa Treatment Egg Wt, g Eggshell Wt, % Specific Gravity, g/mL Thicknessb, µm Discard Eggsc, % Sulfatesd 70.37 8.96y 1.0852 382.09y 2.65 Availa®ZMCe Isof 70.68 9.10z 384.82z 2.42 Availa-ZMC On Topg 70.20 9.17z 1.0858 385.83z 2.44 P value 0.48 0.02 0.16 0.04 0.39 Egg Weights In the US the hen weights are kept very strictly under control then in the US the feed conversion per dozen hatching eggs is one of the main criteria to express the  efficiency of the flock.  That is not the case in Latin America  where total chicks per HH is more important and heavier female body weights and higher protein levels are used in production feed.  It is fairly common in Latin America to have in peak production a protein intake per hen from 25 to 27 grams.  In the US this number is between 23 and 24 grams. Kcal intake levels in Latin America (460-470 kcal) are also considerably higher than in the US (440-445 kcal) in peak production and beyond.  This explains the heavier eggs. a Data were the mean of the period b Average of 5 eggs per replicate; each thickness was measured 3 times at the shell’s equator c Deformities and cracks  d 100 ppm Zn from ZnSO4, 100 ppm Mn from MnSO4 and 10 ppm Cu from CuSO4 e Availa-ZMC: Availa®Zn zinc amino acid complex, Availa®Mn manganese amino acid complex and Availa®Cu copper amino acid complex f Availa-ZMC replaced 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, from sulfates g Availa-ZMC supplied 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, in addition to sulfates yz Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 PBB - 64

Effect Of Availa®Zna and Availa®Mnb On Eggshell Breaking Strength In Layers - Hens were kept in individual cages - 12 Hy Line Brown hens/treatment Treatment applied from 25 until 70 weeks of age (end of study) no differences between treatments for egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion 0Zn/0Mn 50Zn/0Mn 0Zn/50Mn 50Zn/50Mn 100Zn/0Mn 0Zn/100Mn 100Zn/100Mn ZnO, ppm Zn 30 15 - Av-Zn, ppm Zn MnO, ppm Mn 50 25 Av-Mn, ppm Mn a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex yz Means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Swiatkiewicz and Koreleski, Veterinari Medicina, 53, 2008 (10): 555-563.

UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL – BROILER BREEDER Eggshell Quality 35 TO 65 WKa Sulfatesd Availa®ZMCe Availa-ZMC Isof On Topg Sulfates Availa-ZMC Availa-ZMC Iso On Top a Data were the mean of the period b Average of 5 eggs per replicate c Each thickness was measured 3 times at the shell’s equator d 100 ppm Zn from ZnSO4, 100 ppm Mn from MnSO4 and 10 ppm Cu from CuSO4 e Availa-ZMC: Availa®Zn zinc amino acid complex, Availa®Mn manganese amino acid complex and Availa®Cu copper amino acid complex f Availa-ZMC replaced 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, from sulfates g Availa-ZMC supplied 40, 40 and 7 ppm of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively, in addition to sulfates yz Within a category, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 PBB - 66

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Immune Response

DISAPPEARANCE OF TURKEY BLOOD E. coli – CQR Effect Of Availa®Zna On 21 d Old Female Turkey Blood E. coli Disappearance Sulfateb Availa-Znc a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b 100 ppm Zn c Availa-Zn supplied 40 ppm Zn on top of ZnSO4 y Within each post-inoculation time, P < 0.07 z Within each post-inoculation time, P < 0.13 PT - 179

Macrophage Phagocytic Response 4-Week-Old Tom Turkeys ZnSO4/MnSO4 ZINPRO®a/MANPRO®b a ZINPRO zinc methionine (40 ppm Zn) b MANPRO manganese methionine (40 ppm Mn) c SRBC/M: sheep red blood cells per macrophage yz Within SRBC type, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Ferket, 1991 PT - 10.2

Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY Effect Of ZINPRO®a On Progeny When Feeding The Broiler Breeder Hen Treatments Bone Dry Weight (g)b Zinc Content (µg/g Dry Bone)b Toe Web Swelling PHA-P (mm)c Control 0.075x 191.31 0.813z ZnO 191.13 0.758z ZINPRO 0.078w 210.50 1.067y a ZINPRO zinc methionine b Control = 72 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 80 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 80 ppm Zn from zinc complex c Control = 78 ppm Zn from ZnO, ZnO = Control + 40 ppm Zn from ZnO, Zinc complex = Control + 40 ppm from Zn from zinc complex wx Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 yz Within a column, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.0001 Kidd et al. 1992 Poultry Sci.71:1201-1206; 1993 Poultry Sci. 72:1492-1499 PBB - 53

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec THAILAND BROILER BREEDER Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec Control 0-75/0-90d Availa-Zn 40-60/Availa-Mn 40-60e 44011999 a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch; data are means of 25 randomly selected hens per treatment per bleeding interval d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn) e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn) f ND = Newcastle disease; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; Vaccination schedule: 7, 24, 56, 84, 106, 140 and 196 days of age and every 56 days thereafter yz Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Khajarern et al., 2002. Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.) PBB - 16

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec THAILAND BROILER BREEDER Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec Control 0-75/0-90d Availa-Zn 40-60/Availa-Mn 40-60e 44011999 a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch; data are means of 12 randomly selected hens per treatment per bleeding interval d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn) e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn) f IBD = infectious bursal disease; Vaccination schedule: 18, 28 and 140 days of age yz Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Khajarern et al., 2002. Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.) PBB - 17

Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec THAILAND BROILER BREEDER Effect Of Availa®Zna And Availa®Mnb On Humoral Immune Responsec Control Availa-Zn 40-60/ 0-75/0-90d Availa-Mn 40-60e 44011999 4 8 12 16 20 28 34 a Availa-Zn zinc amino acid complex b Availa-Mn manganese amino acid complex c Cobb 500 genetic line; treatments applied from hatch; data are means of 12 randomly selected hens per treatment per bleeding interval d ZnO (75 ppm Zn) and MnSO4 (90 ppm Mn) e Availa-Zn (40 ppm Zn) + ZnO (60 ppm Zn) and Availa-Mn (40 ppm Mn) + MnSO4 (60 ppm Mn) f IB = infectious bronchitis; Vaccination schedule: 7, 24, 56, 84, 106, 140 and 196 d of age and every 56 d thereafter wx Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.10 yz Within a week, means lacking a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05 Khajarern et al., 2002. Poult. Sci. 81:40 (Abstr.) PBB - 18

Zinpro Performance Minerals® ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5R Zinpro Performance Minerals® Consistent and repeated data in broiler breeders and layers on Increased egg production Feed conversion Shell quality advantage Maternal carry-over that benefits the progeny Immunity

Thank You www.zinpro.com CC - 2

Questions? www.zinpro.com CC - 2