2. What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ?
A diet which matches the nutrient and energy requirements of an animal regardless of its life stage or lifestyle

3. What are nutrients ?
Nutrients are the components of food which have a function in …..
Starting
and controlling
various processes,
e.g. vitamin C and immune system
iron and red blood cells
Providing energy
Providing material for
growth, repair, reproduction

4. Nutrients include …..
Minerals
Fat
Carbohydrate
Vitamins
Water
Protein

5. but carbohydrate is not essential for cats and dogs !!
The function of carbohydrate is ...
Energy
(eg for the brain, muscles)
Digestive health - fibre
increases dietary bulk, prevents constipation
fermented to produce short chain fatty acids
to feed the lining of the digestive tract
but carbohydrate is not
essential for cats and dogs !!

6. Protein Tissue building and maintenance Regulation of metabolism
Protein is required for …..
Tissue building and maintenance
e.g. hair, skin, organs, muscle,
antibodies, enzymes, hormones
Regulation of metabolism
e.g. insulin, thyroxin
Energy

7. Contains right balance
Protein
Quality depends upon …..
Quantity of N
to make new AA’s
digestibility
EAA profile
Highest quality
Contains right balance
of all EAA’s
Eggs & milk
Meat
(fish bird, mammal)
Vegetable / plant
Lacking in some EAA’s
Lowest quality

8. Fat Functions Source of essential fatty acids Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Skin & coat condtion
Concentrated
energy source
Palatability
Functions
Insulation and
protection of organs
Brain and retinal
development
Fat soluble
vitamins (A D E K) are stored in fat

9. Water Contains hydrogen and oxygen ESSENTIAL for normal function
required for all body fluids
carrier of vitamins (C, B)
dissolves nutrients and transports them around the body
heat exchange
Source - e.g. vegetables, meat

10. Minerals bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous
Inorganic elements (referred to collectively as Ash)
divided into macrominerals eg calcium, phosphorous microminerals (trace elements)
In excess most are toxic
Important for
bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous
body fluids, e.g. sodium and potassium
components of many enzymes

11. Vitamins Organic compounds which help to regulate body processes
fat soluble e.g. A, D, E, K (generally stored in the body)
water soluble e.g. B, C (excess generally excreted)
Function:
eyesight - vitamin A
antioxidants - vitamin C and E
skeleton - vitamin D
metabolism - vitamin E
Sources:
cereal, fish oils, nuts, liver, fruit & vegetables

12. What about energy ? why is it so important ?

13. Thanks

16. What about energy requirement?
EI<EE
(lose weight)
EI>EE
(gain weight)
Energy intake has to match energy
requirement more closely than nutrients

17. Energy content of food Energy 1 gram of protein
equals 5.65kcal of energy
Energy
BUTTER
1 gram of fat
equals 9.4kcal of energy
1 gram of carbohydrate
equals 4.15kcal of energy

18. Energy Needs Body Size Body composition Degree of exercise
Physiological state and
Ambient temperature

19. Designing balanced diets

20. Criteria for a complete diet
in balance with
energy content
on the ‘plateau’
Each
nutrient
is ...
in balance with
other nutrients
in a useable form

21. Protein
Adult cats needs 4 x and dogs 2 x the protein of an adult human
Human
Cat
Dog
Kittens needs 10 x and puppies almost 3 x more protein than a baby
Baby
Kitten
Puppy

22. Thanks
Submitted by
Harshit Pandey
St. johns Public School

23. If you also want to share your own or your kid’s presentation(ppt) please send it on

24. If you also want to share your own or your kid’s presentation(ppt) please send it on