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Nutrition
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2. Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms
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Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms
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3. Food needs for: Living Woking & physical activity Growth Development
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Food needs for:
Living
Woking & physical activity
Growth
Development
Repair cells
Immunity system
etc
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Malnutrition
imbalance between intake and requirement of foods and foods content can result in malnutrition
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The Nutrients
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6. Classifications of nutrients
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Classifications of nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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7. Essential Nutrients Needed by the body; must be present in the diet
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Essential Nutrients
Needed by the body; must be present in the diet
Nonessential- your body can manufacture from other nutrients in the diet
Requirements depend on age, sex, growth status, body size, genetics
Requirements influenced by conditions like pregnancy, breastfeeding, illnesses, drug use, and others
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8. The nutrients needs for: 1. Energy Yielding &/or
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The nutrients needs for:
1. Energy Yielding &/or
2.Tissues building & repair
&/or
3. Regulatory action
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1. Energy Yielding:
Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
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10. Breakdown of nutrients for energy:
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Breakdown of nutrients for energy:
Glucose breakdown
Glycerol and Fatty Acid breakdown
Amino Acid breakdown
Fats
Energy
Carbohydrates
Common Pathway
Protein
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11. Energy Yielding Nutrients:
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Energy Yielding Nutrients:
Nutrient Energy
Carbohydrate 4kcal/g
Protein 4kcal/g
Fat 9kcal/g
Alcohol (Non-nutrient) 7kcal/g
When foods are broken down, they yield energy to the body. Foods contain CHO’s, protein and fat, so all of these nutrients contribute to the total calories in a food product. You can see how foods with more fat contain higher calories.
This energy is used to fuel the body. All body functions rely on energy, thus nutrients to function. Vitamins and minerals don’t provide calories, but they do play support roles in the body… doing things like aiding chemical reactions or body processes.
Think of this simply: The body will use all of the available energy that you ingest to perform its daily functions. This amount varies from person to person.
So what does the body do with the excess energy?
The body is incredibly efficient… it doesn’t waste a thing! It simply stores the energy for later use in the form of fat. … resulting in weight gain. All nutrients, including the non-nutrient alcohol, may be converted to fat and stored in the body.
The energy yielding nutrients don’t just provide energy, they help rebuild body tissues, muscle, etc.
A good example of this is a growing child. Nutrients are helping the child become healthy and strong as well as providing energy. In adults, nutrients are providing energy and maintaining body functions.
We will talk more about this when we begin to discuss food labels. But, I want to stress the importance of the energy yielding nutrients. Begin learning these numbers….
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12. Energy Recommendations
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Energy Recommendations
Carbohydrate:
58%
Fat:
25%- 30%
Protein:
10% - 15%
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2.Tissues building & repair:
Protein ?
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14. Vitamins ,Minerals & water
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3.Regulatory action:
Vitamins ,Minerals & water
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15. The path from Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is NOT reversible.
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The path from Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is NOT reversible.
Page 211 in your text book.
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19. Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein
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The nutrients:
1.Macronutrient:
Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein
2.Micronutrient:
Vitamins ,Minerals
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20. Malnutrition classification:
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Malnutrition classification:
A)Causal:
1.Primery Malnutririon;
imbalance dietary intake
(exogenous)
2.Secondery Malnutririon;
Impaired ability use
(endogenous)
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21. Primary deficiency disease:
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Primary deficiency disease:
Disease that results directly from dietary lack of a specific essential nutrient. For example,
scurvy results if the diet is deficient in vitamin C;
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22. Beriberi results if the diet is deficient in thiamine.
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Beriberi results if the diet
is deficient in thiamine.
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23. Secondary deficiency disease:
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Secondary deficiency disease:
A disease that results from the inability of the body to use specific nutrients properly. Such inability may result from
1) failure to absorb the nutrient from the alimentary tract into the blood (e.g., malabsorption syndrome) or
2) failure to metabolize the nutrient normally after it has been absorbed (e.g., phenylketonuria).
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24. Malnutrition classification (cont.):
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Malnutrition classification (cont.):
B) Form :
1) Overnutrition
2) Undernutrition:
A; general (starvation) eg. PEM
B; special
-hidden malnutrition- eg. I,Fe,vit A deficiency
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25. Overnutrition: An excess of energy intake May lead to obesity,
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Overnutrition:
An excess of energy intake
May lead to obesity,
putting the person
at risk for chronic
diseases.
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27. High sodium diet – hypertension Lots of sweets – tooth decay
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High sodium diet – hypertension
Lots of sweets – tooth decay
Excessive alcohol – cirrhosis of liver
Overweight – diabetes, heart disease, cancer, hypertension
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28. Malnutrition classification (cont.):
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Malnutrition classification (cont.):
C) Degree:
1) mild , moderate , sever
eg. Over weight , obesity & under weight
2)Store depletion ,
biochemical effect ,
Functional effect ,
structural effect (clinical sign )
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29. Malnutrition classification (cont.):
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Malnutrition classification (cont.):
D) Duration
1- Acute (under weight)
2- Chronic (stunted)
E) Results
1- treatable
2- irreversible
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30. Definition of Undernutrition
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Definition of Undernutrition
Undernutrition is the consequence of nutritional intake that does not meet nutritional needs as a result of one or more of the following.
 Decreased dietary intake
 Increased nutritional requirements
 Impaired ability to absorb or utilise nutrients
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31. Infection - Malnutrition Cycle
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Infection - Malnutrition Cycle
Inadequate dietary intake
Appetite loss
Nutrient loss
Malabsorption
Altered metabolism
Weight loss
Growth faltering
Lowered immunity
Disease
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32. Malnutrition and immunity
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Malnutrition and immunity
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