New England Pilgrims and Puritans

English Settlements Chesapeake Colonies New England Colonies Heat fostered disease Drinking water contributed to disease Male life expectancy – 40s Female life expectancy – late-30s Family life unstable Harsh winters killed deadly germs Safer water & brewed beer Male life expectancy – 70s Female life expectancy – near 70s Stable families

New England - Pilgrims Religious motivations Plymouth, 1620 Mayflower Compact Reliance on help from the Native population

New England - Puritans Massachusetts Bay Co. Critical of Protestant Reformation John Winthrop Beacon of light “We must consider that we shall be as a City Upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.” - John Winthrop

New England - Puritans Origins in Calvanism Belief in predestination Pride in hard work Conversion experience Personal relationship with God Division of life into strict categories

New England - Puritans Criticized royal & religious hierarchies Believed in patriarchal society Coverture Male dominated land ownership Men representative of family Women nurtured children Women tended to duties of the home Significance of the Puritans?

New England - Puritans Puritans & Capitalism Individualism Religious divisions Questioning of Omnipotence Questioning of Self-deprivation The Half-Way covenant, 1662 Salem Witch Trials

New England - Rhode Island Roger Williams Banished in 1636 Established Providence Land dealings with the Narragansett People should not be “punished for any differences of opinion in matters of religion.”

New England - Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson Tried & Banished in 1638 Established Portsmouth “a woman not fit for our society” John Wheelwright established the colony of New Hampshire

New England - Connecticut Thomas Hooker Established Hartford, 1636 New Haven established in 1636 Pequot War Royal charter of Connecticut, 1662 Pequot Fort

“Those that scaped the fire were slaine with the sword; some hewed to peeces, other rune throw with their rapiers, so as they were quickly dipatchte, and very few escaped. It was conceived they thus destroyed about 400 at this time. It was a fearful sight to see them thus frying they fyer, and the streams of blood quenching the same, and horrible was the stinck and sente there of; but the victory seemed a sweete sacrifice, and they (English settlers) gave the prayers thereof to God, who had wrought so wonderfully for them, thus to inclose their enemies in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory over so proud and insulting an enimie.” - William Bedford Puritan leader

New England – King Philip's War, 1675 Led by a Wampanoag named Metacomet “The losse to the English in the severall colonies, in their habitations and stock, is reckoned to amount to 150,000 l. There having been about 1200 houses burned, 8000 head of cattle, great and small, killed, and many thousand bushels of wheat, pease, and other grain burned and upward of 3000 Indian men, women, and children destroyed…” - Edward Randolph English Official

New England Key Terms: Pilgrims, Mayflower Compact, Metacomet, John Winthrop, Puritans, Predestination, Salem Witch Trials Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Pequot War, King Phillip’s War