Thesis Work AP rules on thesis writing… Do NOT restate the question (not even one verb!) Though X, ABC, therefore Y Take a stance 1st paragraph = historical context Which Absolutism figure had the greatest impact on the era?

England in the Age of Revolutions Unit 6

Who cares about English people? Goal of the Day: How did events in this era promote the development of the rights of English people? Who cares about English people?

Where are the rights of English People?

Some historical context: Today we are looking at England from about 1625 – 1742 (ish)

Charles I James I’s son and heir Believed in divine right of kings Parliament didn’t like him… so he couldn’t get taxes

Petition of Right Presented by Parliament to Charles I Statement of liberties The king cannot tax the people without Parliament’s permission The king cannot declare Martial Law The king cannot board soldiers in private homes during peacetime The king cannot imprison a person without a specific charge

The result? Charles I signs the petition but basically ignores it…Parliament gets mad… so Charles I dismisses Parliament.

Charles I and the Parliament Hiatus 11 years Puritans become major opponents of the king Charles I’s Royal Courts No jury No guarantee of civil liberties Ex: Star Chamber Puritan: People who objected to the Anglican Church maintaining some Catholic practices; they wanted to further “purify” the English Church

Charles I fights the Scots State religion of Scotland = Presbyterianism Charles I tries to force Anglicanism on Scots Fighting ensues!

The Result? Charles I needs money to fight the Scots…so he calls Parliament back…they wanna chat…he says JK no… A defeat on English soil makes him call them back AGAIN.

The Long Parliament Called together in 1640 and met on/off for 20 years Puritan led H of C Ended King’s power to dissolve Parliament

Meanwhile… in Ireland Rebellion! The British had treated the Irish brutally

CIVIL WAR The Result? Charles I wants to command the army… Parliament wants to command the army… CIVIL WAR

The English Civil War Cavilers Roundheads Supported the king (Royalists) Anglicans, Catholics, nobles Roundheads Supported Parliament Puritans, non- Anglican Protestants

Oliver Cromwell Defeated Charles I twice Abolished the monarchy and House of Lords Rump Parliament

Oliver Cromwell Lord Protectorate Basically a military dictator Instrument of Government of 1653 Tried to establish a republican government

End of the Protectorate Cromwell dissolved parliament Son Richard takes power after he dies…very weak! English people upset again

The Restoration …of the monarchy Parliament invites Charles II to rule

Cromwell’s Head

Charles II Rebirth of English culture New Amsterdam from the Dutch

Birth or Political Parties Tories Usually Anglican Believed in hereditary monarchy Whigs Started with Scottish Presbyterians Wanted a strong Parliament

The Glorious Revolution Charles II’s Catholic bro (James II) takes the throne People fear a Catholic monarchy Parliament Invites James’ Protestant daughter to take the throne They are…

WILLIAM and MarY! William = Dutch Called “the Glorious Revolution” because it was a bloodless transfer of power

Habeas Corpus Act 1679 Protect people who had been arrested against unfair rulings “you shall have the body”

English Bill of Rights - 1689 What it said: Parliament chooses who leads Rule of law No taxation w/o representation Free speech Regular citizens can petition the government No high bail No cruel/unusual punishment A declaration of rights by Parliament to William & Mary

Act of Union 1707 Scotland and England officially merge Scottish Parliament abolished

Significance of the era? Parliament is officially stronger than the monarchy House of Commons becoming more powerful

Power of parliament continues to grow Cabinet Prime Minister

Constitutional Monarchy Oldest Model for other nations Common Law