Separating Mixtures.

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Presentation transcript:

Separating Mixtures

How do we separate …?

Filtration Chromatography Centrifuging Evaporating Crystallisation Dissolving Decantation Sieving Flotation Sedimentation

Filtration - The process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium. A process like sieving, where large particles are caught on filter paper, whilst solutions pass through

Centrifuges rotate containers of liquids to separate suspended materials with different densities. Centrifuges separate different components of human blood or milk and to clarify solutions. A high speed separator can rotate at great speed to separate fat (cream) from milk. The spin drier in washing machines is a type of centrifuge that throws out the liquid by the "centrifugal force" of the rotation.

Centrifuging

Decantation

Evaporation changes state from a liquid to a gas Evaporation changes state from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs only from the surface of the liquid.

Crystallization refers to the formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution. It is essentially a solid-liquid separation technique.

Crystal = a solid in which the atoms, molecules or ions are packed in a regular, ordered, repeated pattern. Examples …salt, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, quartz, diamonds,

Copper Sulphate Crystals

Distillation is a method used to separate a liquid from a solution through boiling and condensation Rose oil distillation

Separating funnel

Fractional Distillation

Chromatography ( colour writing) is used to separate small amounts of chemicals so that they can be analysed. Different substances or different components move at different speeds through a strip of wet paper a gel or a gas.

EXTRACTING OIL FROM NUTS. 1 Place ground peanuts into a mortar EXTRACTING OIL FROM NUTS. 1 Place ground peanuts into a mortar. 2 Add 20 mL of methylated spirits. 3 Thoroughly grind nuts in solvent. 4 Pour liquid into a test-tube 5 Filter into an evaporating basin. 6 Warm evaporating basin for 10 minutes. 7 The solvent evaporates leaving the oil extracted from the nuts. Solvent extraction of oil from nuts