World Civilizations Mr. Donohoe Reading Strategies World Civilizations Mr. Donohoe

What is a strategy? Cognitive tool readers use to make sense of what they read Used before, during and after reading Dependant upon individual person, task, goal or purpose

Possible Strategies Prior knowledge Prediction Visualization Self-Question Paraphrase Summarizing Previous Text Subsequent Text Decoding and Key Vocabulary Text structure awareness Inferencing Self-monitoring

Prior knowledge strategy Recognizing and using existing knowledge to help understand and interpret new information while reading Assimilation and accommodation Presented text triggers existing schemata What is schemata?

Prediction Strategy Active anticipation of information in passage or text Thinking ahead as to what may occur Involves appropriate risk taking as a reader Critical to validate predictions with text information Accept accurate predictions Reject inaccurate predictions

Visualization Strategy Concurrent process of forming mental images of the text read or heard Internal process Occurs during reading Not drawing pictures after the reading Use with narrative as well as expository text

Self Questioning Strategy Questioning of self about content read Done while reading Focuses attention on important details Start with basic 6 W’s Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?

Paraphrasing Strategy Reader restates the text, passage, or work in own words or form Encourages reader to internalize what is learned by putting it in “own words” Learner presents what is understood in another form---their own form Linguistic Artistic graphic

Summarizing Strategy (not the strongest strategy for high school Reader succinctly reduces the text just read Pulls together critical points Encourage readers to do this at specific points Introduction Development Conclusions Subdivisions of chapters

Previous Text Strategy Rereading of text when comprehension is lost Reread with different purpose in mind Re-frame purpose to assist in clarifying the earlier lack of comprehension

Subsequent Text Strategy Continue to read on when faced with minor confusion Look for clues to help with comprehension Look ahead for Explanation Description Definition Example Don’t go too far ahead!

Inference Strategy Marriage between reader and text On-going strategy As new clues become available as one reads, new inferences are formed, confirmed, revised or rejected Must be able to release inferences that do not pan out with text information

Self-Monitoring Strategy Sophisticated self-questioning to address varying levels of overall comprehension How well do I understand this? Does this material help me reach a goal? Am I able to meet my learning purposes with this material? Do I have a solid grasp of this? Do I need more information?

Text Structure Awareness Strategy Knowing how the text is put together How authors use the structure to frame or organize narrative and expository text

Text Structure Awareness Strategy continued Narrative May be called story grammar, story elements, plot development, story line Basic components Introduction (setting, characters, presenting problem) Development/story evolves Climax resolution Expository Compare/contrast Cause/effect Sequence of events Problem/solution Description Explanation

References Bednar, Mary Anne. La Salle University Education Department.