Elements, Compounds, States of Matter

All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that maintain the properties of that element.

All matter can be classified as… Element Compound Mixture

Elements Elements are made of only one type of atom Can be metals, nonmetals, metalloids Elements are listed on the periodic table

Compounds can be broken down into their elements by a chemical change Compounds are made of two or more elements that are chemically combined Compounds can be broken down into their elements by a chemical change

Pure Substance A substance with definite physical and chemical properties Pure substances are made up of just one type of particle Elements and compounds are pure substances Physical changes such as melting, freezing, cutting, or smashing do not change the identity of pure substances. When a pure substance undergoes a chemical change, it is no longer that same substance.

Examples of Pure Substances oxygen (O) salt (NaCl) water (H2O) iron (Fe)

Mixtures Mixtures are made of different elements and/or compounds that are not chemically combined. Mixtures can be separated through physical changes. Mixtures are not pure substances and do not have definite properties. Substances within a mixture keep their identities and individual properties.

Examples of Mixtures Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures. Particles in a suspension are spread throughout a liquid or gas, but are too large to stay mixed unless shaken or stirred. Particles settle in suspensions

Examples of Mixtures A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another substance. Solute- the substance that dissolves Solvent- the substance that something dissolves into Solute + Solvent = Solution

Examples of Mixtures Colloids have particles that are unevenly spread throughout the mixture. (looks homogenous but really heterogeneous) particles in colloids are too small to settle out of the mixture